Alcohol drinking and risk of Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in Japan

BMC Neurology

Table 2 ORs for Parkinson's disease in relation to alcohol drinking during "peak" period

Alcohol drinking during "peak" period ^a	n (%)		Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR^b (95% CI)	Adjusted OR^c (95% CI)
	Cases (N = 214)	Controls (N = 327)
Frequency
Non-drinker	115 (53.7)	181 (55.4)	1.00	1.00	1.00
< 6 days per week	63 (29.4)	77 (23.6)	1.29 (0.86-1.93)	1.46 (0.90-2.36)	1.29 (0.78-2.13)
≥ 6 days per week	36 (16.8)	69 (21.1)	0.82 (0.51-1.30)	1.13 (0.61-2.10)	0.96 (0.50-1.81)
P for trend			0.70	0.50	0.96
Amount per day (ethanol, g)
Non-drinker	115 (53.7)	181 (55.4)	1.00	1.00	1.00
0.1-65.9	46 (21.5)	73 (22.3)	0.99 (0.64-1.53)	1.20 (0.72-1.97)	1.07 (0.64-1.80)
≥ 66.0	53 (24.8)	73 (22.3)	1.14 (0.75-1.74)	1.75 (0.97-3.20)	1.46 (0.79-2.71)
P for trend			0.58	0.07	0.26
Amount per week (ethanol, g)
Non-drinker	115 (53.7)	181 (55.4)	1.00	1.00	1.00
0.1-219.3	41 (19.2)	73 (22.3)	0.88 (0.56-1.38)	1.11 (0.67-1.83)	0.98 (0.58-1.65)
≥ 219.4	58 (27.1)	73 (22.3)	1.25 (0.82-1.90)	2.09 (1.13-3.91)	1.79 (0.95-3.39)
P for trend			0.38	0.03	0.11

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
^a Defined as period during which the subject's alcohol consumption was the highest.
^b Adjusted for sex, age, region of residence, pack-years of smoking, years of education, body mass index, alcohol flushing status, and presence of medication history for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes.
^c Adjusted for sex, age, region of residence, pack-years of smoking, years of education, body mass index, alcohol flushing status, presence of medication history for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes, dietary intake of caffeine, cholesterol, vitamin E, vitamin B6, iron, and dietary glycemic index.

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