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Table 2 Long-term follow-up of eight patients with Graves' disease and encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease.

From: Encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with Graves' disease: clinical manifestations, follow-up, and outcomes

Reference

Follow-up

(months)

Anti-thyroid Abs

(serum)

GD relapses

EAATD relapses

Other autoimmune manifestations

Treatment

Patient 1 [3]

34

- normal anti-TG, anti-TPO, and anti-TSH Receptor Abs

1 relapse

(month 18)

no

no

- prednisone

(from month 1 to month 23)

- RAI

(month 20)

- levothyroxine

(from month 24)

Patient 3 [14]

lost at follow-up

Patient 4 [15]

48

- normal anti-TG Abs

- increased anti-TPO Abs

no

no

no

- prednisone

(from month 1 to month 13)

- propylthiouracil

(from month 1 to month 4 and from month 18 to 40)

- radioiodine therapy

(month 6)

- total thyroidectomy

(month 32)

Patient 5 [16]

54

- normal anti-TG, anti-TPO, and anti-TSH Receptor Abs

1 relapse

(month 20)

no

no

- prednisone

(from month 1 to month 6)

- propylthiouracil

(from month 1 to month 18 and from month 20 to 45)

- total thyroidectomy

(month 45)

- levothyroxine

(from month 45)

Patient 9 [19]

lost at follow-up

Patient 10 [20]

33

- normal anti-TG and anti-TSH Receptor Abs

- increased anti-TPO Abs

no

1 relapse (month 21)

autoimmune hemophilia (anti-factor VIII Abs +)

- levothyroxine

(starting before EAATD occurrence)

- prednisolone

(from month 1)

- cyclophosphamide

(from month 24)

Patient 12 [22]

26

- normal anti-TG Abs

- increased anti-TPO and anti-TSH Receptor Abs

no

no

no

- methimazole

(from month 1)

Patient 14 [24]

30

- normal anti-TG Abs

- increased anti-TPO and anti-TSH Receptor Abs

no

no

no

- methylprednisolone

(month 1)

- total thyroidectomy

(month 1)

- levothyroxine

(from month 1)

  1. Anti-thyroid antibodies (Abs), clinical outcomes, and management in the long-term follow-up of eight out of fourteen patients with Graves' disease (GD) and encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (EAATD). The serum anti-thyroid Abs were assessed at the last follow-up vist, which took place at the reported follow-up month for each single patient (TG: thyroglobulin; TPO: thyroperoxidase; TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone; RAI: radioactive iodine).