From: Prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairment in rural and urban populations from Northern Portugal
Characteristics | Rural | Urban | PR | 95% CI | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | N | No cases | Prev (%) | 95% CI | N | No cases | Prev (%) | CI 95% |  |  |
All | 713 | 120 | 16.8 | 14.3-19.8 | 433 | 52 | 12.0 | 9.3-15.4 | 1.40 | 1.04-1.90 |
   Gender | ||||||||||
Men | 291 | 43 | 14.8 | 11.2-19.3 | 171 | 16 | 9.4 | 5.8-14.7 | 1.58 | 0.92-2.72 |
Women | 422 | 77 | 18.2 | 14.9-22.2 | 262 | 36 | 13.7 | 10.1-18.4 | 1.33 | 0.92-1.91 |
   Age (years) | ||||||||||
55-64 | 294 | 30 | 10.2 | 7.2-14.2 | 192 | 18 | 9.4 | 6.0-14.3 | 1.09 | 0.63-1.90 |
65-74 | 301 | 52 | 17.3 | 13.4-22.0 | 194 | 27 | 13.9 | 9.8-19.5 | 1.24 | 0.81-1.91 |
75-79 | 118 | 38 | 32.2 | 24.5-41.1 | 47 | 7 | 14.9 | 7.4-27.7 | 2.16 | 1.04-4.50 |
   Education | ||||||||||
Illiterate | 189 | 50 | 26.5 | 20.7-33.2 | 31 | 4 | 12.9 | 5.1-28.9 | 2.05 | 0.80-5.28 |
1-3 | 226 | 39 | 17.3 | 12.9-22.7 | 103 | 21 | 20.4 | 13.7-29.2 | 0.85 | 0.53-1.36 |
4 | 273 | 28 | 10.3 | 7.2-14.4 | 206 | 20 | 9.7 | 6.4-14.5 | 1.06 | 0.61-1.82 |
5 or more | 21 | 3 | 12.0 | 4.2-30.0 | 75 | 7 | 7.5 | 3.7-14.7 | 1.59 | 0.44-5.73 |
   Residential status | ||||||||||
Living with the family | 652 | 104 | 16.0 | 13.3-19.0 | 388 | 45 | 11.6 | 8.8-15.2 | 1.38 | 0.99-1.91 |
Living alone | 57 | 15 | 26.3 | 16.7-38.9 | 42 | 6 | 14.3 | 6.7-27.8 | 1.84 | 0.78-4.35 |
Institutional residence | 4 | 1 | 25.0 | 4.5-69.9 | 3 | 1 | 33.3 | 6.2-79.2 | 0.75 | 0.07-7.73 |
   Occupation (present/late) | ||||||||||
Farming | 402 | 76 | 18.9 | 15.4-23.0 | 19 | 6 | 31.6 | 15.4-54.0 | 0.60 | 0.30-1.20 |
Production | 86 | 12 | 14.0 | 8.2-22.8 | 153 | 20 | 13.1 | 8.6-19.3 | 1.07 | 0.55-2.08 |
Personal care/serving | 72 | 13 | 18.1 | 10.9-28.5 | 117 | 14 | 12.0 | 7.3-19.1 | 1.51 | 0.75-3.03 |
Sales/White collar | 50 | 4 | 8.0 | 3.2-18.8 | 112 | 7 | 6.3 | 3.1-12.3 | 1.28 | 0.39-4.18 |
Housewife | 103 | 15 | 14.6 | 9.0-22.6 | 32 | 5 | 15.6 | 6.9-31.8 | 0.93 | 0.37-2.37 |
   Retired worker | ||||||||||
Yes | 499 | 100 | 20.0 | 16.8-23.8 | 282 | 37 | 13.1 | 9.7-17.6 | 1.53 | 1.08-2.16 |
No | 214 | 20 | 9.3 | 6.1-14.0 | 151 | 15 | 9.9 | 6.1-15.7 | 0.94 | 0.50-1.78 |
   Depending on others | ||||||||||
Yes | 53 | 26 | 49.1 | 36.1-62.1 | 18 | 4 | 22.2 | 9.0-45.2 | 2.21 | 0.89-5.47 |
No | 660 | 94 | 14.2 | 11.8-17.1 | 415 | 48 | 11.6 | 8.8-15.0 | 1.23 | 0.89-1.71 |
Physical/Mental comorbidity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Depression | ||||||||||
Yes | 78 | 25 | 32.1 | 22.8-43.0 | 50 | 13 | 25.0 | 15.2-38.2 | 1.28 | 0.72-2.27 |
No | 635 | 95 | 15.0 | 12.4-17.9 | 381 | 39 | 10.2 | 7.6-13.7 | 1.46 | 1.03-2.08 |
   Cerebrovascular disease | ||||||||||
Yes | 63 | 27 | 42.9 | 31.4-55.1 | 26 | 10 | 38.5 | 22.4-57.5 | 1.11 | 0.63-1.96 |
No | 650 | 93 | 14.3 | 11.8-17.2 | 407 | 42 | 10.3 | 7.7-13.7 | 1.39 | 0.98-1.95 |
   Other disease†| ||||||||||
Yes | 124 | 47 | 37.9 | 29.8-46.7 | 59 | 21 | 35.6 | 24.6-48.3 | 1.07 | 0.71-1.61 |
No | 589 | 73 | 12.4 | 10.0-15.3 | 374 | 31 | 8.3 | 5.9-11.5 | 1.50 | 1.00-2.23 |
   No vascular risk factors‡ | ||||||||||
0 | 383 | 50 | 13.1 | 10.0-16.8 | 237 | 19 | 8.0 | 5.2-12.2 | 1.63 | 0.99-2.69 |
1 | 229 | 45 | 19.7 | 15.0-25.3 | 134 | 26 | 19.4 | 13.6-26.9 | 1.01 | 0.66-1.56 |
2 or more | 101 | 25 | 24.8 | 17.4-34.0 | 62 | 7 | 11.3 | 5.6-21.5 | 2.19 | 1.01-4.76 |