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Table 1 Prevalence of cognitive impairment in rural and urban populations by socio-demographic characteristicsand comorbidity

From: Prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairment in rural and urban populations from Northern Portugal

Characteristics

Rural

Urban

PR

95% CI

 

N

No cases

Prev (%)

95% CI

N

No cases

Prev (%)

CI 95%

  

All

713

120

16.8

14.3-19.8

433

52

12.0

9.3-15.4

1.40

1.04-1.90

   Gender

Men

291

43

14.8

11.2-19.3

171

16

9.4

5.8-14.7

1.58

0.92-2.72

Women

422

77

18.2

14.9-22.2

262

36

13.7

10.1-18.4

1.33

0.92-1.91

   Age (years)

55-64

294

30

10.2

7.2-14.2

192

18

9.4

6.0-14.3

1.09

0.63-1.90

65-74

301

52

17.3

13.4-22.0

194

27

13.9

9.8-19.5

1.24

0.81-1.91

75-79

118

38

32.2

24.5-41.1

47

7

14.9

7.4-27.7

2.16

1.04-4.50

   Education

Illiterate

189

50

26.5

20.7-33.2

31

4

12.9

5.1-28.9

2.05

0.80-5.28

1-3

226

39

17.3

12.9-22.7

103

21

20.4

13.7-29.2

0.85

0.53-1.36

4

273

28

10.3

7.2-14.4

206

20

9.7

6.4-14.5

1.06

0.61-1.82

5 or more

21

3

12.0

4.2-30.0

75

7

7.5

3.7-14.7

1.59

0.44-5.73

   Residential status

Living with the family

652

104

16.0

13.3-19.0

388

45

11.6

8.8-15.2

1.38

0.99-1.91

Living alone

57

15

26.3

16.7-38.9

42

6

14.3

6.7-27.8

1.84

0.78-4.35

Institutional residence

4

1

25.0

4.5-69.9

3

1

33.3

6.2-79.2

0.75

0.07-7.73

   Occupation (present/late)

Farming

402

76

18.9

15.4-23.0

19

6

31.6

15.4-54.0

0.60

0.30-1.20

Production

86

12

14.0

8.2-22.8

153

20

13.1

8.6-19.3

1.07

0.55-2.08

Personal care/serving

72

13

18.1

10.9-28.5

117

14

12.0

7.3-19.1

1.51

0.75-3.03

Sales/White collar

50

4

8.0

3.2-18.8

112

7

6.3

3.1-12.3

1.28

0.39-4.18

Housewife

103

15

14.6

9.0-22.6

32

5

15.6

6.9-31.8

0.93

0.37-2.37

   Retired worker

Yes

499

100

20.0

16.8-23.8

282

37

13.1

9.7-17.6

1.53

1.08-2.16

No

214

20

9.3

6.1-14.0

151

15

9.9

6.1-15.7

0.94

0.50-1.78

   Depending on others

Yes

53

26

49.1

36.1-62.1

18

4

22.2

9.0-45.2

2.21

0.89-5.47

No

660

94

14.2

11.8-17.1

415

48

11.6

8.8-15.0

1.23

0.89-1.71

Physical/Mental comorbidity

          

   Depression

Yes

78

25

32.1

22.8-43.0

50

13

25.0

15.2-38.2

1.28

0.72-2.27

No

635

95

15.0

12.4-17.9

381

39

10.2

7.6-13.7

1.46

1.03-2.08

   Cerebrovascular disease

Yes

63

27

42.9

31.4-55.1

26

10

38.5

22.4-57.5

1.11

0.63-1.96

No

650

93

14.3

11.8-17.2

407

42

10.3

7.7-13.7

1.39

0.98-1.95

   Other disease†

Yes

124

47

37.9

29.8-46.7

59

21

35.6

24.6-48.3

1.07

0.71-1.61

No

589

73

12.4

10.0-15.3

374

31

8.3

5.9-11.5

1.50

1.00-2.23

   No vascular risk factors‡

0

383

50

13.1

10.0-16.8

237

19

8.0

5.2-12.2

1.63

0.99-2.69

1

229

45

19.7

15.0-25.3

134

26

19.4

13.6-26.9

1.01

0.66-1.56

2 or more

101

25

24.8

17.4-34.0

62

7

11.3

5.6-21.5

2.19

1.01-4.76

  1. Prev: prevalence; PR: Rural/Urban prevalence ratio; †at least one of: traumatic brain injury, alcohol abuse, psychiatric or other neurological disease; ‡Vascular risk factors include high blood pressure, cardiac disease, diabetes and dyslipidemia