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Table 1 General characteristics and plasma levels of 24S-OH-Chol in patients with Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD), Vascular Dementia (VD), Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (CIND), and in older controls.

From: Plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol levels in elderly subjects with late onset Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia: a case-control study

Parameter

LOAD

VD

CIND

Controls

 

(n. 60)

(n. 35)

(n. 25)

(n. 40)

Age (years)*

78 ± 5.5

77 ± 7.6

74 ± 8.2

73 ± 8.7

Female gender ^

78,00%

53,00%

60,00%

68,00%

MMSE score (mean/SD)*

21.3 ± 3.8

21.7 ± 3.9

25 ± 3.1

28 ± 2

Barthel index §

82.5/100

79/100

96/100

96/100

GDS

5.7/15

5.3/15

6.3/15

6.2/15

Tot. Chol. (mg/dL)

210 ± 42

204 ± 32

207 ± 43

215 ± 28

Albumin (g/dL)

4.14 ± 0.38

4.11 ± 0.37

4.08 ± 0.34

4.22 ± 0.31

Hypertension

67,00%

83,00%

63,00%

67,00%

Diabetes

15,00%

34.5%

18,00%

19,00%

CHD ^

16,00%

34.5%

12,00%

9.5%

24S-OH-Chol (ng/ml)°

51.0 (42.0-64.7)

39.1 (36.0-46.5)

47.0 (42.6-56.3)

46.3 (37.5-52.7)

Brain atrophy ^^

84%

53%

51%

47%

Single lacune ^^

5%

22%

7%

6.5%

Multiple lacunes ^^

0%

55%

20%

10%

Cortical infarcts ^^

0%

23%

11%

6%

  1. * ANOVA (model P < 0.001) Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) post-hoc test: C vs LOAD p < 0.01; C vs VD p < 0.05; VD vs LOAD and CIND p < 0.005
  2. § ANOVA (model P < 0.001) LSD p < 0.05 C and CIND vs LOAD and VD
  3. ^Chi square test p < 0.05; ^^Chi square test p < 0.001
  4. ° ANOVA (model P < 0.001) LSD p < 0.01 LOAD vs C; p < 0.05 VD vs C and CIND; p < 0.01 for LOAD vs VD
  5. MMSE: mini mental state examination; GDS: geriatric depression scale; CHD: coronary heart disease. For 24S-OH-Chol: median (interquartile range)