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Table 2 Factors associated with increased time from symptom onset to hospital arrival: univariate analysis

From: Stroke awareness decreases prehospital delay after acute ischemic stroke in korea

Variables

N (%)

Prehospital delay

P

Clinical

   

   NIHSS, score

  

< 0.001

0-3

261 (52)

595 (242-1452)

 

4-6

136 (27)

573 (244-1357)

 

≥ 7

103 (21)

170 (55-508)

 

   Pre-morbid disability (mRS > 2)

  

0.798

Yes

18 (4)

463 (126-1196)

 

No

482 (96)

471 (170-1308)

 

Risk factors

   

   Previous stroke

  

0.088

Yes

116 (23)

316 (110-1241)

 

No

384 (77)

502 (210-1338)

 

   Hypertension

  

0.632

Yes

316 (63)

540 (165-1305)

 

No

184 (37)

405 (170-1317)

 

   Diabetes

  

0.049

Yes

134 (27)

568 (234-1460)

 

No

366 (73)

449 (148-1253)

 

   Hyperlipidemia

  

0.039

Yes

72 (14)

753 (236-1391)

 

No

428 (76)

432 (152-1297)

 

   Current smoker

  

0.637

Yes

150 (30)

466 (196-1227)

 

No

350 (70)

504 (150-1344)

 

   Atrial fibrillation

  

0.002

Yes

44 (9)

215 (59-948)

 

No

456 (91)

521 (194-1328)

 

   Coronary heart disease

  

0.067

Yes

38 (8)

277 (69-1012)

 

No

462 (92)

504 (180-1314)

 

   Family history of stroke

  

0.171

Yes

147 (29)

762 (327-1409)

 

No

353 (71)

682 (230-1353)

 

General

   

   Location of study hospital

  

0.096

Seoul

324 (65)

558 (165-1365)

 

Metropolitan area

176 (35)

397 (170-1126)

 

   Education

  

0.572

Low (0-6 years)

169 (34)

444 (170-1294)

 

Medium (6-12 years)

215 (43)

551 (210-1308)

 

High (≥ 12 years)

116 (23)

379 (122-1307)

 

   Living alone

  

0.322

Yes

435 (87)

506 (283-1348)

 

No

65 (13)

462 (150-1309)

 

   Visit hospital regularly

  

0.503

Yes

338 (68)

504 (152-1248)

 

No

162 (32)

466 (183-1350)

 

   Presence of bystander at time of symptom onset

  

0.742

Yes

145 (29)

502 (170-1358)

 

No

355 (71)

470 (170-1252)

 

   Arrival through referral

  

< 0.001

Yes

169 (34)

847 (355-1575)

 

No

331 (66)

347 (106-1015)

 

   Mode of transport

  

< 0.001

Ambulance

182 (36)

301 (79-758)

 

Personal vehicle

205 (41)

608 (242-1373)

 

Public transportation

113 (23)

858 (290-1620)

 

   Knowledge by patient of thrombolysis

  

0.132

Yes

92 (18)

349 (113-1121)

 

No

408 (82)

502 (208-1328)

 

   Awareness of the patient/bystander that the initial symptom was stroke related

  

< 0.001

Yes

179 (36)

260 (100-708)

 

No

321 (64)

650 (290-1458)

 
  1. Values are median (25th-75th percentile) and are given in minutes.
  2. *Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test was used.