Table 2 Neuropsychological test results
| Â | Stroke group | Control group | Â | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
z-values | valid N | mean ± SD | CI [5% - 95%] | valid N | mean ± SD | CI [5% - 95%] | p-value |
CVLT trial 1 | 20 | -1.1 ± 1.2 | [1.6 - -0.5] | 20 | -0.2 ± 1.0 | [-0.6 - 0.3] | 0.0056 |
CVLT trial 5 | 20 | -2.2 ± 1.1 | [-2.7 - -1.7] | 20 | 0.2 ± 1.4 | [-0.4 - 0.8] | < 0.0001 |
CVLT sum 1-5 | 19 | -2.0 ± 1.1 | [-2.5 - -1.5] | 20 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | [-0.1 - 0.2] | 0.0001 |
CVLT list B | 20 | -1.6 ± 1.2 | [-2.1 - -1.0] | 20 | -0.5 ± 1.4 | [-1.2 - 0.2] | 0.0144 |
CVLT short delay free recall | 20 | -1.8 ± 1.1 | [-2.3 - -1.2] | 20 | 0.0 ± 1.0 | [-0.4 - 0.5] | 0.0001 |
CVLT short delay cued recall | 20 | -1.6 ± 1.3 | [-2.1 - -1.0] | 20 | 0.0 ± 1.2 | [-0.5 - 0.5] | 0.0007 |
CVLT long delay free recall | 20 | -1.5 ± 1.3 | [-2.1 - -0.9] | 20 | 0.3 ± 1.2 | [-0.2 - 0.8] | 0.0003 |
CVLT long delay cued recall | 20 | -1.5 ± 1.2 | [-2.1 - -0.9] | 20 | 0.2 ± 1.0 | [-0.2 - 0.6] | 0.0001 |
CVLT semantic cluster ratio | 19 | -1.4 ± 1.2 | [-2.0 - -0.9] | 20 | -0.3 ± 1.3 | [-0.9 - 0.3] | 0.0070 |
CVLT serial cluster ratio | 20 | 1.9 ± 1.4 | [1.2 - 2.6] | 20 | 0.5 ± 1.2 | [-0.1 - 1.1] | 0.0047 |
CVLT slope | 20 | -1.1 ± 1.0 | [-1.6 - -0.6] | 20 | 0.2 ± 1.1 | [-0.3 - 0.7] | 0.0014 |
CVLT perseverations | 20 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | [0.1 - 1.0] | 20 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | [0.2 - 0.9] | 0.8181 |
CVLT recognition hits | 20 | -1.1 ± 1.1 | [-1.6 - -0.5] | 20 | 0.0 ± 1.1 | [-0.6 - 0.5] | 0.0077 |
CVLT false positive | 20 | -1.0 ± 1.3 | [-1.6 - -0.4] | 20 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | [0.0 - 0.2] | 0.0071 |
TAP alertness w/o audio alert; median reaction time | 18 | -2.2 ± 0.9 | [-2.6 - -1.7] | 20 | -0.2 ± 0.8 | [-0.6 - 0.1] | < 0.0001 |
TAP alertness w/o audio alert; reaction time SD | 18 | -1.7 ± 1.3 | [-2.3 - -1.1] | 20 | 0.5 ± 1.5 | [-0.2 - 1.2] | 0.0001 |
TAP alertness with audio alert; median reaction time | 18 | -2.2 ± 1.0 | [-2.7 - -1.7] | 20 | -0.3 ± 0.8 | [-0.7 - 0.1] | < 0.0001 |
TAP alertness with audio alert; SD reaction time | 18 | -1.5 ± 1.3 | [-2.1 - -0.8] | 20 | 0.2 ± 0.7 | [-0.1 - 0.6] | 0.0002 |
TAP divided attention median reaction time | 18 | -2.0 ± 1.1 | [-2.5 - -1.5] | 20 | -1.1 ± 0.7 | [-1.5 - -0.8] | 0.0008 |
TAP divided attention SD reaction time | 18 | -1.8 ± 1.0 | [-2.3 - -1.3] | 20 | -0.2 ± 0.9 | [-0.7 - 0.2] | 0.0001 |
TAP divided attention omissions | 18 | -2.7 ± 0.9 | [-3.2 - -2.3] | 20 | -0.2 ± 0.6 | [-0.5 - 0.1] | < 0.0001 |
TAP go-no-go median reaction time | 18 | -1.4 ± 1.9 | [-2.4 - -0.5] | 20 | -0.5 ± 0.6 | [-0.8 - -0.2] | 0.0052 |
TAP go-no-go reaction time SD | 18 | 0.0 ± 1.3 | [-0.7 - 0.6] | 20 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | [2.1 - 2.9] | < 0.0001 |
TAP go-no-go errors | 18 | -0.3 ± 1.1 | [-0.9 - 0.2] | 20 | 0.1 ± 0.7 | [-0.2 - 0.5] | 0.2482 |
WCST concepts | 20 | -1.2 ± 1.1 | [-1.7 - -0.7] | 20 | 0.0 ± 1.0 | [-0.5 - 0.5] | 0.0013 |
WCST reaction time | 20 | 1.8 ± 3.2 | [0.3 - 3.2] | 20 | 0.0 ± 1.0 | [-0.5 - 0.5] | 0.0133 |
WCST errors | 20 | -0.8 ± 1.3 | [-1.3 - -0.2] | 20 | 0.0 ± 1.0 | [-0.5 - 0.5] | 0.0639 |
WCST perseverations | 20 | 0.9 ± 1.9 | [0.0 - 1.7] | 20 | 0.0 ± 1.0 | [-0.5 - 0.5] | 0.0167 |
CFT copy | 19 | -2.2 ± 1.2 | [-2.8 - -1.6] | 20 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | [0.8 - 1.1] | < 0.0001 |
CFT recall 30 min | 19 | -1.2 ± 0.9 | [-1.7 - -0.8] | 20 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | [0.5 - 1.1] | < 0.0001 |
CFT %recall | 18 | -0.4 ± 1.5 | [-1.1 - 0.4] | 20 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | [0.4 - 0.9] | 0.0040 |
CFT copy-recall | 19 | 1.0 ± 1.4 | [0.3 - 1.6] | 19 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | [0.2 - 0.8] | 0.0726 |
NVLTR true positive | 20 | -1.4 ± 1.7 | [-2.1 - -0.6] | 19 | -0.2 ± 1.1 | [-0.7 - 0.4] | 0.0076 |
NVLT false positive | 20 | -0.6 ± 1.7 | [-1.4 - 0.2] | 19 | -0.7 ± 0.7 | [-1.0 - -0.3] | 0.4397 |
Difference t+/f+ NVLT | 20 | -2.1 ± 0.9 | [-2.6 - -1.7] | 19 | -0.7 ± 0.9 | [-1.1 - -0.3] | 0.0001 |
VLT true positive | 20 | -1.6 ± 1.4 | [-2.3 - -1.0] | 19 | 0.2 ± 1.2 | [-0.3 - 0.8] | 0.0006 |
VLT false positive | 20 | -0.2 ± 1.5 | [-0.9 - 0.5] | 19 | -0.2 ± 0.9 | [-0.6 - 0.2] | 0.7466 |
Difference t+/f+ VLT | 20 | -1.5 ± 1.4 | [-2.1 - -0.9] | 19 | -0.1 ± 0.8 | [-0.5 - 0.2] | 0.0033 |
LGT city map test | 20 | -2.1 ± 0.8 | [-2.5 - -1.8] | 19 | 0.0 ± 1.0 | [-0.5 - 0.5] | < 0.0001 |
WMS logical memory I | 20 | -1.5 ± 1.5 | [-2.2 - -0.8] | 20 | 0.7 ± 1.0 | [0.2 - 1.1] | 0.0001 |
WMS logical memory II | 20 | -1.8 ± 1.2 | [-2.3 - -1.2] | 20 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | [0.2 - 1.0] | < 0.0001 |
WMS visual pairs I | 19 | -0.8 ± 1.4 | [-1.5 - -0.1] | 19 | 0.4 ± 1.1 | [-0.1 - 0.9] | 0.0094 |
WMS visual pairs II | 19 | -0.8 ± 1.5 | [-1.6 - -0.1] | 19 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | [0.5 - 1.0] | 0.0017 |
WMS verbal pairs I | 19 | 0.4 ± 1.5 | [-0.4 - 1.1] | 20 | 0.7 ± 1.1 | [0.2 - 1.2] | 0.5741 |
WMS verbal pairs II | 18 | -0.9 ± 1.5 | [-1.6 - -0.1] | 20 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | [-0.2 - 0.7] | 0.0179 |
HAWIE similarities | 17 | -0.5 ± 1.1 | [-1.1 - 0.1] | 20 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | [0.9 - 2.0] | 0.0001 |
5-point test | 17 | -2.6 ± 0.7 | [-2.9 - -2.2] | 20 | -0.2 ± 1.1 | [-0.7 - 0.3] | < 0.0001 |
WMS digit span (forward) | 17 | -0.1 ± 1.4 | [-0.8 - 0.6] | 20 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | [0.2 - 1.1] | 0.0722 |
WMS digit span (backwards) | 17 | -1.1 ± 1.4 | [-1.8 - -0.3] | 20 | -0.2 ± 1.2 | [-0.8 - 0.3] | 0.0148 |
Corsi block span (forward) | 17 | -1.9 ± 1.0 | [-2.4 - -1.4] | 20 | 0.0 ± 1.2 | [-0.5 - 0.6] | 0.0001 |
Corsi visual span (backwards) | 17 | -2.5 ± 0.6 | [-2.9 - -2.2] | 20 | -0.4 ± 0.9 | [-0.8 - 0.0] | < 0.0001 |
RWF verbal fluency | 20 | -1.3 ± 0.8 | [-1.7 - -1.0] | 20 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | [0.0 - 0.6] | < 0.0001 |
RWF semantic verbal fluency with alternations | 20 | -1.5 ± 0.8 | [-1.9 - -1.2] | 20 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | [0.2 - 0.8] | < 0.0001 |
AAT mistakes | 19 | -1.2 ± 1.8 | [-2.0 - -0.3] | 20 | 0.1 ± 0.7 | [-0.3 - 0.4] | 0.0264 |