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Table 2 Socio-demographic characteristics and screening test results by diagnostic group

From: Effectiveness and costs of phototest in dementia and cognitive impairment screening

 

Total

CI

NoCI

CInD

DEM

NoDEM

N° Subjects

140

85

55

37

48

92

N° females

101 (72.1)

60 (70.6)

41 (74.5)

23 (62.2)

37 (77.1)

64 (69.6)

Age in yrs*

72.5 ± 11.3

77.3 ± 7.6

64.9 ± 12.1

74.1 ± 7.3

79.6 ± 7.0

68.6 ± 11.3

≤ 50 yrs

7 (5.0)

0 (0)

7 (12.7%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

7 (7.6)

51-75 yrs

70 (50.0)

33 (37.5)

37 (67.3)

19 (51.4)

14 (27.5)

56 (60.9)

≥ 76 yrs

63 (45.0)

52 (61.2)

11 (20.0)

18 (48.6)

34 (70.8)

29 (31.2)

Educational Level #

      

Illiterates

20 (14.3)

19 (22.4)

1 (1.8)

3 (8.1)

16 (33.3)

4 (4.3)

Incomplete primary

52 (37.1)

35 (41.2)

17 (30.9)

16 (43.2)

19 (39.6)

33 (35.9)

Primary or more

68 (48.6)

31 (36.5)

37 (67.3)

18 (48.6)

13 (27.1)

55 (59.8)

Years of Education #

      

≤8 yrs

72 (51.4)

54 (63.5)

18 (32.7)

19 (51.4)

35 (72.9)

37 (40.2)

9-17 yrs

61 (43.6)

31 (36.5)

30 (54.5)

18 (48.6)

13 (21.3)

48 (52.2)

≥ 18 yrs

7 (5.0)

0 (0)

7 (12.7)

0 (0)

0 (0)

7 (7.6)

MMSE #

19.9 ± 5.7

17.2 ± 5.3

24.1 ± 3.1

21.8 ± 3.5

13.8 ± 3.6

23.2 ± 3.4

MMSEc @

20.8 ± 5.2

18.5 ± 5.1

24.4 ± 2.9

22.8 ± 3.2

15.2 ± 3.7

23.7 ± 3.1

MIS #

4.3 ± 2.9

[117]

2.6 ± 2.6

[64]

6.2 ± 1.8

[53]

4.1 ± 2.5

[34]

1.0 ± 1.5

[30]

5.4 ± 2.3

[87]

Phototest #

29.0 ± 7.6

25.4 ± 6.8

34.6 ± 5.1

30.5 ± 4.8

21.5 ± 5.5

32.9 ± 5.4

  1. CI: cognitive impairment (CInD and DEM). NoCI: no cognitive impairment. CInD: cognitive impairment without dementia. DEM: dementia. NoDEM: no dementia (NoCI and CInD).
  2. MMSE: MiniMental State Examination. MMSEc: MMSE with corrected scores. MIS: Memory Impairment Screen.
  3. The figures are n° of subjects (percentage) or mean ± sd; figures in square brackets = n° subjects able to take the MIS
  4. * DEM > CInD > NoCI; DEM > NoDEM; CI > NoCI (p < 0.0001 all comparisons)
  5. # NoCI > CInD > DEM; NoDEM > DEM; NoCI > CI (p < 0.0001 all comparisons)
  6. @ (NoCI = CInD) > DEM; NoDEM > DEM; NoCI > CI; (NoCI vs CInD: ns; remaining comparisons, p < 0.0001)