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Table 2 Risk factors of stroke and their Population Attributable Fraction based on Cox proportional hazard model*

From: Risk factors for ischemic stroke; results from 9 years of follow-up in a population based cohort of Iran

 

HR

95% CI

P-value

PAF (%)

Model including binary variables

Age, ≥ 65 years

2.03

(1.24- 3.31)

0.005

25.0

Sex, male

2.00

(1.16- 3.43)

0.012

29.7

Smoking

1.63

(0.94- 2.80)

0.081

12.9

Hypertension

3.03

(1.76- 5.22)

< 0.001

48.6

Diabetes

2.18

(1.34- 3.56)

0.002

22.0

Chronic Kidney Disease

2.01

(1.22- 3.33)

0.007

29.1

Model including continuous variables

Age, year

1.08

(1.04-1.11)

< 0.001

 

Sex, male

1.74

(1.02-2.98)

0.044

 

Smoking

1.75

(1.02-3.01)

0.042

 

Systolic blood pressure, cmHg

1.13

(1.00-1.28)

0.045

 

Diastolic blood pressure, cmHg

1.55

(1.21-1.98)

0.001

 

Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/l

1.10

(1.01-1.18)

0.021

 

GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

0.97

(0.95-0.99)

0.008

 
  1. * These risk factors remained in the model through a forward stepwise method; other variables (obesity, high waist circumference, low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, intervention and family history of premature cardiovascular disease) excluded from the model because of p < 0.2 for entry or p > 0.1 for removal. Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square (modified version for survival data) was <20 indicating a good fitness of the model.
  2. HR: Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; PAF: Population Attributable Fraction; GFR: Glomerular Filtration Rate.