First author and year | Key findings |
---|---|
Azzimondi 1995[2] | High fever (≥37.9°C) <7 d is independent risk factor for poor prognosis. Fever occurred in 43% of stroke pts <7 d. Onset of fever occurred in first 2 days in 64% of febrile patients. |
Reith 1996[3] | Admission body temp is independently related to stroke severity, lesion size, mortality and outcome. [unclear how measured “outcome”; didn’t separate AIS from ICH] |
Castillo 1998[9] | The relationship between the degree of hyperthermia and stroke outcome/FIV is strongest when it begins within 24 h of symptom onset. |
Georgilis 1999[4] | Fever in stroke is assoc with ↑age, ↑severity, more invasive techniques, worse outcome. When fever present without focus of infection, it tends to occur earlier. |
Wang 2000[12] | For ischaemic stroke, admission temp (time unspecified) was significant predictor of in-hospital mortality: for each 1° increase, OR ↑ by 3.9 (CI 1.9 to 7.8, p<0.001). |
Boysen 2001[8] | Temp < 6 h post stroke onset has no prognostic influence on 3 month mRS. More severe strokes have higher temperature in first 48 h. [Also looked at ICH]. 7 d fatality rate higher in patients with lower body temp on admission. |
Kammersgaard 2002[6] | For all strokes, a 1° difference in admission body temperature gives 30% increase in relative risk of 5 yr mortality. No association between admission temp and survival in pts still alive at 3 months. |
Audebert 2004[13] | Larger stroke volume and greater NIHSS assoc with higher temp, CRP and WCC. Successful thrombolysis attenuates inflammatory response |
Sulter 2004[1] | 56% developed hyperthermia in 1st 48 h. Infectious cause found in 1/3 of patients. |
Ernon 2006[14] | Hyperthermia relative to baseline in 24 h (post rtPA) is assoc with unfavourable outcome |
Leira 2006[11] | Hyperthermia assoc with higher levels of proinflammatory markers. Inflammatory mediators play a role in acute ischaemic brain damage independently of hyperthermia |
Wong 2007[15] | Mean temp rise in first 24 h from 36.5 to 36.7°, peak at 36 h. More severe strokes have higher temp rise. |
Idicula 2008[16] | Body temp before thrombolysis was not assoc with 3 month outcome, but high temp thereafter was. |
Millan 2008[17] | Body temp ≥37 at 24 h but not at baseline was assoc with lack of recanalisation, greater hyperdensity volume and worse functional outcome, regardless of stroke severity and time to treatment |
Saini 2009[7] | Hyperthermia assoc with poor outcome. Delayed hyperthermia is more strongly assoc with poor outcomes than early hyperthermia. No association between baseline hyperthermia and outcome. |
Baseline body temp was not related to improvement. Increased body temp at 24 h was associated with low likelihood of improvement. | |
Naess 2010[20] | High body temperature was associated with favorable short-term outcome in those who were thrombolysed vs. those not thrombolysed |
Phipps 2011[21] | High “fever burden” (combination of fever height and duration) was associated with death or with referral to hospice |