Table 7 Multivariate analyses: drivers of cost in the acute phase (index hospitalisation), healthcare costs and societal costs in the 1-year follow-up after the stroke event

Demographic

Age

0.0003

0.12

0.904

−0.008

−1.42

0.158

−0.001

−0.45

0.653

Gender (female=1)

0.028

0.51

0.611

−0.394

−2.65

0.008

−0.094

−1.34

0.180

Living with family (vs alone/institution)

−0.010

−0.14

0.885

−0.264

−1.41

0.159

0.026

0.29

0.770

North (vs. south and centre)

0.100

1.61

0.108

−0.013

−0.07

0.942

−0.161

−1.98

0.048

Centre (vs south and north)

0.077

1.04

0.300

0.231

1.15

0.253

−0.03

−0.29

0.771

Clinical

Diabetes mellitus

0.038

0.63

0.529

0.341

2.03

0.044

0.06

0.75

0.453

Previous stroke

0.096

1.12

0.264

−0.104

−0.44

0.663

0.128

1.15

0.253

Smoker

0.083

−1.29

0.199

0.146

0.83

0.409

−0.066

−0.79

0.432

Atrial fibrillation

0.024

0.35

0.727

0.088

0.46

0.644

0.109

1.21

0.227

Haemorragic stroke

0.010

0.13

0.896

0.486

2.41

0.016

0.160

1.69

0.092

Organizational

Stroke Unit

0.172

2.31

0.021

0.061

0.29

0.769

0.019

0.20

0.842

Neurology ward

0.307

4.76

0.000

−0.351

−1.99

0.048

0.000

0.00

0.997

Functional outcomes*

NIHSS (at admission)

0.014

2.57

0.011

0.027

1.82

0.069

0.020

2.93

0.004

Barthel Index categories**

Mild dependence (75–95)

0.063

−0.78

0.434

0.202

0.98

0.329

0.220

2.25

0.025

Moderate dependence (46–74)

0.090

1.19

0.236

0.312

1.07

0.284

0.652

4.76

0.000

Severe dependence (0–45)

0.218

2.77

0.006

0.885

2.47

0.014

0.749

4.43

0.000

Modified Rankin Scale ***

MRS 3 (moderate disability)

0.744

3.24

0.001

0.315

2.91

0.004

MRS 3–5 ( severe disability)

1.210

3.76

0.000

0.596

3.93

0.000

Constant

7.988

42.51

0.000

7.372

14.63

0.000

8.924

37.6

0.000

Number of obs

411

411

411

R-squared

0.1617

0.3726

0.5307

Adj R-squared

0.1227

0.3437

0.5091

F

F( 16, 394) = 5.37

4.75

F(18,392)=24.63

Prob > F

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001