Table 1 Characteristics of the total participants and cases of death from stroke
Men | Women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | Total participants | Cases | Total participants | |
(n = 434) | (n = 78,844) | (n = 426) | (n = 96,044) | |
Age at cohort entry (years) | 66.6 ± 7.1 | 65.7 ± 7.6 | 66.4 ± 7.4 | 59.3 ± 8.8 |
Energy intake (kcal) | 2,141 ±1,009 | 2,301 ± 974 | 1,806 ± 850 | 1,887 ± 840 |
% energy from fat | 30.1 ± 7.5 | 30.2 ± 7.1 | 30.2 ± 7.2 | 29.7 ± 7.1 |
% energy from saturated fat | 8.9 ± 2.8 | 8.9 ± 2.7 | 9.0 ± 2.6 | 8.7 ± 2.6 |
% energy from alcohol | 3.8 ± 8.2 | 4.1 ± 7.4 | 1.7 ± 5.4 | 1.6 ± 4.6 |
% energy from carbohydrate | 51.3 ± 9.9 | 51.1 ± 9.1 | 52.9 ± 9.5 | 53.6 ± 8.9 |
Food group intake (servings/day) | ||||
Vegetables | 4.3 ± 2.7 | 4.5 ± 2.8 | 4.2 ± 2.6 | 4.6 ± 2.9 |
Fruit | 3.2 ± 2.5 | 3.0 ± 2.6 | 3.4 ± 2.6 | 3.5 ± 2.9 |
Meat | 5.7 ± 3.6 | 6.2 ± 3.8 | 4.8 ± 3.1 | 4.8 ± 3.1 |
Dairy | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 1.0 |
Grain | 7.8 ± 3.9 | 8.4 ± 3.8 | 6.4 ± 3.3 | 7.0 ± 3.5 |
Hours in moderate or vigorous activity per day | 1.1 ± 1.4 | 1.3 ±1.5 | 0.9 ± 1.1 | 1.1 ± 1.2 |
Pack-years (number of cigarettes per day x years smoked / 20) | 17.4 ± 17.9 | 13.7 ± 16.4 | 10.5 ± 15.5 | 6.5 ± 12.0 |
Ethnicity (%) | ||||
Caucasian | 17 | 26 | 21 | 25 |
African American | 25 | 13 | 36 | 19 |
Native Hawaiian | 4 | 7 | 6 | 7 |
Japanese American | 31 | 31 | 18 | 28 |
Latino | 23 | 23 | 19 | 21 |
Education | ||||
Graduated college | 18 | 30 | 15 | 25 |
Grade 11/12 - some college | 57 | 54 | 60 | 58 |
≤10 yrs education | 25 | 16 | 25 | 17 |
Currently Married (%) | 74 | 77 | 47 | 59 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m 2 ) (%) | ||||
≤ 18.5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 |
18.6 – 25.0 | 49 | 42 | 41 | 47 |
25.1 – 30.0 | 34 | 43 | 30 | 31 |
> 30.0 | 16 | 14 | 24 | 19 |
Smoking status (%) | ||||
Never smoker | 27 | 31 | 45 | 57 |
Past smoker | 51 | 51 | 33 | 29 |
Current smoker | 22 | 18 | 22 | 14 |
Repeatedly consumed alcohol (%) | 51 | 63 | 30 | 39 |
Medical history (%) | ||||
History of diabetes | 26 | 12 | 24 | 10 |
History of hypertension | 60 | 39 | 62 | 37 |