Table 1 Characteristics of the acute ischemic stroke or TIA cohort by heart dysfunction or normal heart function
Total | Heart dysfunction | Normal heart function | P-values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 132 | n = 77 | n = 55 | ||
Age (mean ± SD) | 73.3 ± 9.2 | 74.4 ± 8.0 | 71.7 ± 10.6 | 0.100 |
Male (%) | 52.3 | 51.9 | 52.7 | 0.930 |
Stroke (%) | 85.6 | 93.5** | 74.5 | 0.002 |
TIA (%) | 14.4 | 6.5** | 25.5 | 0.002 |
NIHSS scores | 3.4 ± 4.7 | 3.9 ± 5.1 | 2.9 ± 4.1 | 0.297 |
mRS at 3-months follow-up | ||||
≤2 (%) | 84.7 | 78.9* | 92.7 | 0.030 |
>2 (%) | 15.3 | 21.1* | 7.3 | 0.030 |
All-cause mortality (%) | 29.5 | 35.1 | 21.8 | 0.100 |
Clinical examinations | ||||
Systolic BP (mmHg) (mean ± SD) | 169.0 ± 29.5 | 170.0 ± 32.3 | 167.8 ± 25.4 | 0.680 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) (mean ± SD) | 94.2 ± 17.6 | 95.0 ± 19.6 | 93.1 ± 14.5 | 0.548 |
Heart rate (beats/min) (mean ± SD) | 77.2 ± 18.0 | 77.8 ± 18.3 | 76.4 ± 17.8 | 0.660 |
Laboratory variables | ||||
S-Creatinine (μmol/L) (mean ± SD) | 84.1 ± 38.2 | 86.3 ± 43.8 | 81.0 ± 28.5 | 0.444 |
CRP (mg/L) (mean ± SD) | 16.2 ± 32.4 | 16.7 ± 34.3 | 15.6 ± 29.7 | 0.859 |
cTNT (μg/L) (mean ± SD) | 0.06 ± 0.29 | 0.08 ± 0.37 | 0.03 ± 0.04 | 0.417 |
Echocardiogram parameters | ||||
LVEF (%) | 57.6 ± 9.8 | 56.0 ± 12.0* | 60.3 ± 3.2 | 0.017 |
LVDD (cm) (mean ± SD) | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 0.7 | 0.438 |
Left atrium (cm2) (mean ± SD) | 19.8 ± 4.4 | 20.7 ± 4.6** | 18.3 ± 3.6 | 0.004 |
Right atrium (cm2) (mean ± SD) | 16.2 ± 3.9 | 16.5 ± 4.2 | 15.7 ± 3.4 | 0.309 |
PA mmHg (mean ± SD) | 31.0 ± 8.4 | 30.8 ± 6.9 | 31.4 ± 11.4 | 0.795 |
Stroke volume (mean ± SD) | 72.7 ± 19.7 | 68.8 ± 18.5* | 91.0 ± 15.7 | 0.037 |
E/A ratio (mean ± SD) | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.988 |
S/D ratio (mean ± SD) | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.324 |
Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
Smoking (%) | 14.4 | 19.6 | 8.3 | 0.102 |
Hypertension (%) | 59.1 | 59.7 | 58.2 | 0.858 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 18.9 | 16.9 | 21.8 | 0.476 |
Hypercholesterolemia (%)1 | 13.9 | 15.5 | 11.8 | 0.558 |
Cardiovascular diseases | ||||
Myocardial infarction (%) | 15.9 | 19.5 | 10.9 | 0.184 |
Angina pectoris (%) | 15.9 | 18.2 | 12.7 | 0.398 |
Comorbidity | ||||
Pulmonary embolism (%) | 1.5 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 0.092 |
Previous ischaemic stroke (%) | 17.4 | 19.5 | 14.5 | 0.461 |
eGFR <60 (mL/min) (%)2 | 32.3 | 38.9 | 23.1 | 0.063 |
Anaemia (%)3 | 11.7 | 13.2 | 9.6 | 0.541 |
Pre-stroke medications | ||||
ACE inhibitors (%) | 19.7 | 22.1 | 16.4 | 0.416 |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (%) | 18.2 | 14.3 | 23.6 | 0.170 |
Beta-blockers (%) | 36.4 | 41.6 | 29.1 | 0.142 |
Diuretics (%) | 26.5 | 28.6 | 23.6 | 0.527 |
Aspirin (%) | 42.4 | 44.2 | 40.0 | 0.634 |
Warfarin (%) | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.396 |
Clopidogrel (%) | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.810 |
Aspirin + Dipyridamol (%) | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.810 |
Dipyridamol (%) | 7.6 | 6.5 | 9.1 | 0.578 |
Post-stroke medications | ||||
ACE inhibitors (%) | 30.5 | 34.2 | 25.5 | 0.283 |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (%) | 23.7 | 21.1 | 27.3 | 0.408 |
Beta-blockers (%) | 44.3 | 51.3 | 34.5 | 0.056 |
Diuretics (%) | 32.8 | 34.2 | 30.9 | 0.691 |
Aspirin (%) | 82.4 | 81.6 | 83.6 | 0.760 |
Warfarin (%) | 8.4 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 0.808 |
Clopidogrel (%) | 3.1 | 5.3 | 0.0 | 0.084 |
Aspirin + Dipyridamol (%) | 2.3 | 3.9 | 0.0 | 0.136 |
Dipyridamol (%) | 46.6 | 39.5 | 56.4 | 0.056 |