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Table 1 The clinical characteristics of the controls and PD patients

From: Probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, nocturnal disturbances and quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a case-controlled study using the rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire

 

PD

Controls

p value

N (M/F)

93, (50/43)

93, (47/46)

0.66

Age (yrs)

69.7 ± 8.9

69.6 ± 10.2

0.94

Body mass index (kg/m2)

22.3 ± 2.8

22.9 ± 3.1

0.18

* RLS, n (%)

5 (5.5)

2 (2.2)

0.44

Snoring (at least 2 days/week), n (%)

13 (14.0)

1 (1.1)

0.0010

RBDSQ-J ≥ 5, n (%)

27 (29.0)

8 (8.6)

<0.001

RBDSQ-J ≥ 6, n (%)

16 (17.2)

2 (2.2)

<0.001

RBDSQ-J

3.3 ± 2.5

1.7 ± 1.7

<0.001

PSQI global score

5.4 ± 3.7

4.5 ± 3.2

0.068

PSQI component score

   

  Sleep quality

1.0 ± 0.7

0.8 ± 0.6

0.024

  Sleep latency

0.8 ± 1.0

1.0 ± 1.0

0.40

  Sleep duration

0.8 ± 0.9

0.8 ± 0.9

0.62

  Habitual sleep efficiency

0.5 ± 0.9

0.5 ± 0.8

0.67

  Sleep disturbances

0.9 ± 0.6

0.8 ± 0.6

0.47

  Use of sleeping medication

0.7 ± 1.2

0.6 ± 1.1

0.48

  Daytime dysfunction

0.7 ± 0.9

0.2 ± 0.4

<0.001

ESS

6.6 ± 4.5

4.7 ± 3.0

<0.001

PDSS-2 total score

15.0 ± 9.7

9.1 ± 6.6

<0.001

PDSS-2 domain score

   

  Disturbed sleep

7.6 ± 3.5

5.6 ± 3.4

<0.001

  Motor symptoms at night

3.9 ± 4.1

1.8 ± 2.5

<0.001

  PD symptoms at night

3.5 ± 3.6

1.6 ± 2.1

<0.001

PDQ-39 summary index

29.1 ± 21.7

NA

 

PDQ-39 domain score

   

  Mobility

40.7 ± 33.9

NA

 

  ADL

33.0 ± 29.4

NA

 

  Emotional well-being

29.2 ± 25.8

NA

 

  Stigma

22.1 ± 22.4

NA

 

  Social support

12.0 ± 20.9

NA

 

  Cognition

23.6 ± 21.2

NA

 

  Communication

17.3 ± 20.8

NA

 

  Bodily discomfort

25.1 ± 24.8

NA

 

BDI-II

13.3 ± 9.3

8.5 ± 6.8

<0.001

PFS

2.8 ± 1.1

1.7 ± 0.8

<0.001

Levodopa (mg/day)

304.8 ± 135.5

NA

 

LED (mg/day)

385.1 ± 315.0

NA

 
  1. PD, Parkinson’s disease; RLS, restless legs syndrome; RBDSQ-J, Japanese version of the REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PDSS-2, Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-2; PDQ-39, Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; PFS, Parkinson Fatigue Scale; LED, Levodopa equivalent dose; NA, not applicable. *Data are missing for 4 controls and 2 PD patients.
  2. The data are presented as the n (%) or the means ± SD. Statistically significant values (P < 0.05) are shown in bold.