From: A systematic review of biomarkers for disease progression in Parkinson’s disease
Question | Yes = 1 | No = 0 |
---|---|---|
(1) Was the study prospective? | The study reports that patients and the performed test result were collected before the development of an outcome. | No report or clearly retrospective (e.g. patients with poor prognosis collected before biomarker measurement). |
(2) Was evaluation of prognostic marker blinded to patient outcome? | The study reports an attempt to blind the person measuring the biomarker to patient outcome. | There is no such report, or assessor clearly not blinded. |
(3) Was there a defined time period during which patients were enrolled? | Study defines time period, end of follow-up period, and median follow-up time. | Does not define criteria. |
(4) Were there precisely defined clinical outcomes at the start of the study? | Study defines which clinical end points are to be measured. | No such definition. |
(5) Were the methods for measuring the prognostic marker adequately described and referenced? | Clearly described and referenced | Not clearly described and referenced |
(6) Cases unselected and unbiased? | No attempt to select patients with exclusion criteria | Only a subset of patients enter the study |