Table 1 The characteristics and the frequencies of jugular venous reflux and plasma endothelin-1 levels in cough syncope/pre-syncope patients and control subjects
Cough syncope/pre-syncope (n = 17) | Controls (n = 51) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD), yr | 74.63 (12.37) | 74.63 (12.37) | |
Gender, M/F | 15/2 | 45/6 | |
Vascular risk factors, n (%) | |||
HTN | 4 (23.53%) | 10 (19.61%) | 0.729 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1 (5.88%) | 5 (9.80%) | 0.365 |
Hyperlipidemia | 0 | 4 (7.84%) | 0.307 |
Smoking | 13 (76.47%) | 41 (80.39%) | 0.729 |
COPD | 14 (82.35%) | 34 (66.67%) | 0.219 |
GOLD I | 6 (43%) | 15 (44%) | |
GOLD II | 6 (43%) | 12 (35%) | |
GOLD III | 2 (14%) | 7 (21%) | |
Right-side JVR, n (%) | 13 (76.47%) | 25 (49.02%) | 0.048 |
Left-side JVR, n (%) | 11 (64.71%) | 18 (35.29%) | 0.034 |
Both-side JVR, n (%) | 10 (58.82%) | 8 (15.69%) | 0.0005 |
Plasma ET-1 level, pg/ml | 3.64 (1.23) | 2.39 (1.01) | <0.0001 |