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Table 3 Frequencies of cough syncope/pre-syncope in four groups of subjects classified by the presence of both-side JVR and the levels of plasma ET-1

From: Jugular venous reflux and plasma endothelin-1 are associated with cough syncope: a case control pilot study

Both-side JVR

Plasma ET-1, pg/ml

Cough syncope/pre-syncope

pvalue

-

+

 

No

3.43

38 (92.7%)

3 (7.3%)

<0.001

Yes

3.43

8 (61.5%)

5 (38.5%)

No

> 3.43

5 (55.6%)

4 (44.4%)

Yes

> 3.43

0

5 (100%)

 
  1. Presented as numbers (%). Abbreviations: JVR = jugular venous reflux; ET-1 = endothelin-1.