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Table 1 Characteristics of patients with MS and controls

From: Small internal jugular veins with restricted outflow are associated with severe multiple sclerosis: a sonographer-blinded, case–control ultrasound study

Parameter

Patients (n = 67)

Controls (n = 21)

p

Female/male (%)

48.0/52.0

33.3/66.7

ns*

Age (years ± SD)

35.7 ± 9.5

32.9 ± 10.1

ns

Age at onset (years ± SD)

27.6 ± 7.5

-

 

Disease course, n (%)

 

-

 

CIS

5 (7.5)

RR

41 (61.2)

CP

21 (31.3)

Disease duration (years ± SD)

9.1 ± 6.3

-

 

EDSS (mean ± SD)

3.9 ± 2.1

-

 

3.8§

MSSS (mean ± SD)

5.4 ± 2.7

-

0.000002#,$

in RR group

4.6 ± 2.0

  

in CP group

7.4 ± 1.3

  
  1. CIS: clinically isolated syndrome; RR: relapsing-remitting; CP: chronic progressive (including secondary progressive and primary progressive); EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale; MSSS: Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score; * χ 2 ; § median; ANOVA; # ANOVA for RR vs. CP patients; $ Scheffe’s post-hoc test for RR vs. CP patients; the values represent the means ± S.D.