Table 1 Baseline profiles
From: Cystatin C, a novel indicator of renal function, reflects severity of cerebral microbleeds
Variables | Grade | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Mild | Moderate | Severe | P | |
No. of CMBs | 0 | 1-4 | 5-9 | ≧10 | |
No. of Cases, n (%) | 494(72.3) | 141(20.6) | 24(3.5) | 24(3.5) | |
Demographic data | |||||
Age, mean ± SD | 65.7 ± 12.4 | 69.1 ± 10.9 | 67.2 ± 13.8 | 66.6 ± 12.2 | 0.02†|
Male, n (%) | 311(63.0) | 90(63.8) | 15(62.5) | 17(70.8) | 0.89** |
Risk factors, n (%) | |||||
Hypertension | 229(46.4) | 85(60.3) | 14(58.3) | 15(62.5) | 0.01** |
Diabetes | 125(25.3) | 46(32.6) | 4(16.7) | 6(25.0) | 0.23** |
Dyslipidemia | 152(30.8) | 40(28.4) | 5(20.8) | 3(12.5) | 0.20** |
Smoking | 181(36.6) | 43(30.5) | 3(12.5) | 5(20.8) | 0.08** |
History of heart disease | 105(21.3) | 37(26.2) | 4(16.7) | 5(20.8) | 0.56** |
History of previous stroke | 83(16.8) | 39(27.7) | 9(37.5) | 8(33.3) | <0.01** |
Initial NIHSS* score | 3[1,7] | 3[1,5] | 4[2,6] | 3[1,5] | 0.63‡ |
Stroke information, n (%) | |||||
Small vessel occlusion | 88(17.8) | 37(26.2) | 11(45.8) | 9(37.5) | <0.02 |
Large artery thrombosis | 153(31.0) | 35(24.8) | 3(12.5) | 5(20.8) | |
Cardio embolism | 87(19.6) | 33(23.4) | 3(12.5) | 3(12.5) | |
Cryptogenic | 79(16.0) | 21(14.9) | 5(20.8) | 5(20.8) | |
Other etiology | 79(15.6) | 15(10.6) | 2(8.3) | 2(8.3) | |
Laboratory data | |||||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.6 ± 2.0 | 13.3 ± 2.0 | 13.8 ± 2.1 | 18.6 ± 5.1 | <0.01†|
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 4.6 ± 0.7 | 0.24†|
White blood cell count (106/μL) | 7.8 ± 2.8 | 7.7 ± 3.0 | 7.3 ± 2.0 | 6.8 ± 2.1 | 0.28 |
Cystatin C, | 53.9 | 60.7 | 61.0 | 64.7 | 0.01‡ |
median[IQR] (nmol/L) | [46.4,63.7] | [47.9,74.9] | [51.9,68.9] | [54.9,82.2] | |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 99.3 ± 69.1 | 114.5 ± 83.7 | 92.3 ± 20.3 | 148.0 ± 52.9 | 0.01†|
Estimated GFR*, | 82.2 ± 25.7 | 74.1 ± 26.4 | 80.8 ± 26.5 | 75.2 ± 25.4 | <0.01†|
mean ± SD (ml/min/1.73 m2) | |||||
Microalbumin/Creatinine, | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.21‡ |
median[IQR] (μg/mg) | [0.01,0.08] | [0.01,0.18] | [0.01,0.10] | [0.01,0.20] | |
Severity of WML*, n (%) | |||||
Normal | 207(42.2) | 33(23.6) | 1(4.2) | 0(0) | <0.01** |
Punctate | 131(26.7) | 34(24.3) | 1(4.2) | 0(0) | |
Early confluent | 46(9.4) | 21(15.0) | 3(12.5) | 2(8.3) | |
Confluent | 107(21.8) | 52(37.1) | 19(79.2) | 22(11.0) | |
Anti thrombotics, n (%) | 57(11.5) | 28(19.9) | 6(25.0) | 5(20.8) | 0.91** |
Aspirin | 49(9.9) | 28(19.9) | 6(25.0) | 5920.8) | |
Other anti thrombotics | 8(1.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Anticoagulant, warfarin, n (%) | 18(3.6) | 11(7.8) | 3(12.5) | 2(8.3) | 0.31** |