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Figure 3 | BMC Neurology

Figure 3

From: Physical and mental health comorbidity is common in people with multiple sclerosis: nationally representative cross-sectional population database analysis

Figure 3

Odds ratios for individual physical conditions: people with MS (n = 3826) vs controls (n = 1,268,859). *Odds Ratios adjusted for Age, Sex and Deprivation Scores. Note on abbreviations [13]: Constipation = ≥4 laxative prescriptions in last year; Pain = ≥4 prescription only medicine analgesic prescriptions in last 12 months OR ≥4 specified anti-epileptics in the absence of an epilepsy Read code in last 12 months; Migraine = ≥4 prescription only medicine anti-migraine prescriptions in last year; Epilepsy = Read code ever recorded AND antiepileptic prescription in last 12 months; IBS = Read code ever recorded OR ≥ 4 prescription only medicine antispasmodic prescription in last 12 months; Parkinson’s Disease = Parkinson’s Disease and Parkinsonism; Psoriasis or Eczema = Read code ever recorded AND ≥ 4 related prescriptions in last 12 months (excluding simple emollients) Dyspepsia = ≥ 4 prescriptions in last 12 months excluding antacids AND NOT (≥4 NSAIDS OR ≥4 aspirin/clopidogrel) IBD = inflammatory bowel disease; PVD = Peripheral vascular disease; Stroke = Stroke and Transient ischaemic attack; COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD = Chronic kidney disease; Inflammatory Arthritis = Rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory polyarthropathies & systematic connective tissue disorders; Asthma = Read code ever recorded AND any prescription in last 12 months.

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