Sunlight exposure and cardiovascular risk factors in the REGARDS study: a cross-sectional split-sample analysis

Kent, Shia T; Cushman, Mary; Howard, George; Judd, Suzanne E; Crosson, William L; Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z; McClure, Leslie A

doi:10.1186/1471-2377-14-133

BMC Neurology

Table 4 Hazard ratios for continuous secondary cardiovascular endpoints associated with residential insolation exposure in exploratory and confirmatory analyses

From: Sunlight exposure and cardiovascular risk factors in the REGARDS study: a cross-sectional split-sample analysis

Insolation exposure	Hypertension	Dyslipidemia	High CRP	Impaired kidney
Quartiles of insolation exposure
Exploratory analyses – Unadjusted
1^st vs 4^th quartile	1.1 (0.9, 1.2)	1.0 (0.9, 1.1)	0.9 (0.8, 1.1)	0.8 (0.7, 1.0)
2^nd vs 4^th quartile	1.0 (0.9, 1.2)	1.1 (1.0, 1.2)	1.1 (0.9, 1.2)	0.9 (0.8, 1.2)
3^rd vs 4^th quartile	1.2 (1.0 (1.3)	1.0 (0.9, 1.2)	1.2 (1.0, 1.3)	0.9 (0.7, 1.1)
Exploratory analyses – Fully adjusted
1^st vs 4^th quartile	1.2 (0.9, 1.4)	0.9 (0.8, 1.1)	1.1 (0.9, 1.3)	0.8 (0.6, 1.2)
2^nd vs 4^th quartile	1.0 (0.9, 1.2)	1.0 (0.9, 1.2)	1.2 (1.0, 1.4)	0.9 (0.7, 1.2)
3^rd vs 4^th quartile	1.1 (0.9, 1.2)	1.0 (0.9, 1.1)	1.1 (1.0, 1.3)	0.9 (0.7, 1.2)
Confirmatory analyses – Unadjusted
1^st vs 4^th quartile	N/A	N/A	1.0 (0.8, 1.1)	N/A
2^nd vs 4^th quartile	N/A	N/A	1.0 (0.9, 1.1)	N/A
3^rd vs 4^th quartile	N/A	N/A	1.1 (1.0, 1.2)	N/A
Confirmatory analyses – Fully adjusted
1^st vs 4^th quartile	N/A	N/A	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)	N/A
2^nd vs 4^th quartile	N/A	N/A	1.0 (0.8, 1.2)	N/A
3^rd vs 4^th quartile	N/A	N/A	1.0 (0.9, 1.2)	N/A
Low insolation exposure
<5^th vs ≥5^th percentile
Exploratory analyses - Unadjusted	1.0 (0.8, 1.2)	1.1 (0.9, 1.3)	0.8 (0.6, 0.9)	0.8 (0.6, 1.2)
Exploratory analyses – Fully adjusted	1.2 (1.0, 1.5)	1.2 (1.0, 1.5)	0.9 (0.7, 1.1)	0.8 (0.6, 1.3)
Confirmatory analyses - Unadjusted	N/A	N/A	0.9 (0.7, 1.1)	N/A
Confirmatory analyses – Fully adjusted	N/A	N/A	0.9 (0.7, 1.2)	N/A
High insolation exposure
<95^th vs ≥95^th percentile
Exploratory analyses - Unadjusted	1.0 (0.8, 1.2)	1.2 (1.0, 1.5)	1.0 (0.9, 1.3)	0.8 (0.6, 1.1)
Exploratory analyses – Fully adjusted	0.9 (0.8, 1.2)	1.2 (0.9, 1.4)	0.9 (0.7, 1.1)	0.8 (0.6, 1.2)
Confirmatory analyses - Unadjusted	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Confirmatory analyses – Fully adjusted	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

CRP = C-reactive protein.
Numbers in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. Numbers in bold are significant (p < 0.05).
Fully adjusted models are adjusted for temperature, age, race, region, gender, education, income, vitamin D intake, alcohol use, smoking, and body mass index. Models with insolation categorized into quartiles, and using cutoffs at the 5^th and 95^th percentiles were adjusted for temperature exposures into quartiles and using cutoffs at the 5^th and 95^th percentiles, respectively.

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ISSN: 1471-2377

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