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Table 2 Patients’ and controls’ cognitive, psychiatric and global scores

From: Neuropsychological outcome after carbon monoxide exposure following a storm: a case-control study

 

Patients

Controls

p value

Cohen’s D

(n = 38)

(n = 38)

Cognitive assessment

    

Disorientation in time and space (MEM III)

   

  MEM III, orientation (/14)

13.76 (±0.48)

13.86 (±0.34)

0.281

-

Memory

    

Free recall

    

  FCRST (sum of 3 free recall, /48)

11.21 (±2.30)

11.86 (±2.32)

0.048

0.47

  FCRST (delayed free recall, /16)

13 (±2.02)

13.92 (±1.51)

0.028

0.52

Cued recall

    

  FCSRT (sum of 3 total recall, /48)

14.63 (±1.66)

15.36 (±0.88)

0.030

0.55

  FCSRT (delayed total recall, /16)

15.63 (±0.91)

15.92 (±0.35)

0.073

-

Executive functions

    

Processing speed

    

  TMT A time

36.73 (±17.64)

31.13 (±12.04)

0.110

-

  Stroop test (denomination time)

64.21 (±14.58)

59.05 (±8.39)

0.063

-

  Stroop test (reading time)

48.31 (±10.07)

41.71 (±6.54)

0.001

0.79

  Digit symbol test (/133)

67.92 (±17.80)

76.71 (±17.74)

0.034

0.49

Working memory

    

  Letter-Number sequencing (WAIS III, /21)

9.97 (±2.56)

11.36 (±2.36)

0.016

0.57

Flexibility

    

  TMTB time

36.73 (±17.64)

31.13 (±12.04)

0.010

0.63

  TMT B-A time

54.55 (±43.57)

32.24 (±24.13)

0.008

0.64

  TMT B-A Errors

0.08 (±0.68)

0.13 (±0.34)

0.685

-

Inhibition

    

  Stroop test (interference score, time)

59.65 (±38.36)

39.86 (±21.37)

0.007

0.61

  Stroop test (interference score, non-corrected errors)

0.47 (±1.51)

0.02 (±0.16)

0.013

0.59

Language

    

  Denomination (/10)

9.95(±0.23)

9.95 (±0.23)

1.000

-

Psychiatric assessment

    

  MNI, major depressive episode, n (%)

8 (21.05%)

0

0.003

-

  MNI, manic episode, n (%)

2 (5.26%)

1 (2.63%)

0.556

-

  MNI, hypomanic episode, n (%)

2 (5.26%)

0

0.152

-

  MNI, post-traumatic stress disorder, n (%)

6 (15.78%)

0

0.011

-

  MNI, psychotic disorders, n (%)

1 (2.63%)

0

0.314

-

  MNI, antisocial personality disorder, n (%)

0

0

-

-

Global assessment

    

Cognitive complaints

    

  Mc Nair score (/45)

11.56 (±7.97)

13.52 (±5.00)

0.206

-

Quality of life

    

 MOS SF-36, Total (/135)

103.81 (±18.37)

113.42 (±9.29)

0.020

0.69

  1. MEM III, Wechsler Memory Scale; FCRST, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test ; WAIS III, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; TMT, Trail Making Test; MINI, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; MOS SF-36, Medical outcome Study Short Form 36.