Table 1 General characteristics in patients with and without cerebrovascular complications related to infective endocarditis: mean ± SD, n (%)
CVC (-) N = 107 | CVC (+) N = 37 | Pvalue | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age | 49.5 ± 18.1 | 48.0 ± 17.1 | 0.663 |
Male | 69 (64.5) | 27 (73.0%) | 0.345 |
Hypertension | 18 (16.8) | 7 (18.9) | 0.772 |
Diabetes mellitus | 21 (19.6) | 6 (16.2) | 0.647 |
Atrial fibrillation | 31 (29.0) | 12 (32.4) | 0.692 |
Smoking | 12 (11.2) | 8 (21.6) | 0.115 |
History of IE | 1 (0.9) | 1 (2.7) | 0.449 |
Dialysis | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.4) | 0.065 |
History of CHF | 32 (29.9) | 9 (24.3) | 0.517 |
Comorbidity index >2 | 22 (20.6) | 9 (24.3) | 0.631 |
Initial C-reactive protein level, mg/dL | 7.4 ± 7.3 | 8.9 ± 6.3 | 0.437 |
Diagnostic delay, days | 32.8 ± 35.3 | 29.9 ± 33.3 | 0.654 |
Prosthetic valves | 45 (42.1) | 16 (43.2) | 0.900 |
Mitral valve IE | 78 (72.9) | 31 (83.8) | 0.183 |
Aortic valve IE | 52 (48.6) | 17 (45.9) | 0.781 |
Dual valve IE | 22 (20.6) | 11 (29.7) | 0.253 |
Warfarin use at admission | 38 (35.5) | 11 (29.7) | 0.522 |
No surgery | 21 (19.6) | 12 (32.4) | 0.111 |
Causative microorganism | |||
Streptococcus viridans | 18 (16.8) | 4 (10.8) | 0.441 |
Other streptococci | 15 (14.0) | 5 (13.5) | 0.939 |
Staphylococcus aureus | 10 (9.3) | 9 (24.3) | 0.020 |
Enterococci | 6 (5.6) | 2 (5.4) | 1.000 |
Coagulase negative staphylococci | 4 (3.7) | 2 (5.4) | 0.647 |
Others | 30 (28.0) | 7 (18.9) | 0.274 |
Negative blood cultures | 24 (22.4) | 8 (21.6) | 0.919 |
Echocardiographic findings | |||
Vegetations | 99 (92.5) | 37 (100) | 0.113 |
Vegetation size >1 cm | 46 (43.0) | 24 (64.9) | 0.022 |
Mobile vegetations | 43 (40.2) | 29 (78.4) | <0.001 |
IE-related valve regurgitation | 88 (82.2) | 30 (81.1) | 0.874 |
In-hospital mortality | 18 (16.8) | 10 (27.0) | 0.176 |