Changes in cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma levels of IGF-II and its binding proteins in Alzheimer’s disease: an observational study

Table 1 Demographics, vascular risk factors and IGF levels in plasma and CSF

	Controls (n = 72)	AD (n = 92)
Gender (male/female)	16/56	32/60
Age (years)	75 ± 7	76 ± 7^a
MMSE at baseline	29 ± 2	19 ± 4^b
Body Mass Index (BMI)	27 ± 5	24 ± 4^b
Arterial hypertension (yes/no)	19/53	27/65
Diabetes mellitus (yes/no)	6/66	9/83
Hyperlipidemia (yes/no)	18/54	14/77
Atherosclerotic disease (yes/no)	9/61	13/78
Previous stroke (yes/no)	0/72	0/92
CSF tau	95 ± 50	173 ± 97^b
CSF P-tau	31 ± 18	130 ± 74^b
CSF Aβ42	260 ± 77	157 ± 41^b
CSF IGF-I	0.60 ± 0.20	0.62 ± 0.25
CSF IGF-II	41 ± 7	45 ± 8^a
CSF IGFBP-2	122 ± 23	136 ± 27^a
CSF IGFBP-3	18 ± 6	21 ± 8
CSF IGF-I/IGFBP-3	0.035 ± 0.009	0.032 ± 0.009
Plasma IGF-I	99 ± 38	92 ± 39
Plasma IGF-II	680 ± 105	619 ± 114^b
Plasma IGFBP-2	483 ± 234	632 ± 354^b
Plasma IGFBP-3	2.3 ± 0.65	2.0 ± 0.57^a
Plasma IGF-I/IGFBP-3	44 ± 19	46 ± 20

Data are presented as means ± standard deviations, or counts. CSF and blood plasma biomarker levels are given in ng/ml, except for plasma IGFBP-3, which is given in μg/ml. CSF tau, CSF p-Tau and CSF Aβ42 are given in ng/L. The BMI, given in kg/m², was available for 88 patients with AD and 47 controls. ^ap < 0.05 vs. controls; ^bp < 0.005 vs. controls. Data were not available for all individuals regarding hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic disease. In this study, previous myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or stenosis of carotid arteries were used as markers for atherosclerotic disease. For the purpose of this table, an ANCOVA analysis adjusted for age was used for all biomarkers in blood plasma and CSF.

ISSN: 1471-2377