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Table 4 Concomitant medications, n (%), in the total patient population (n = 906) and in patients who underwent extended monitoring after the first dose of fingolimod (n = 34)

From: Safety of the first dose of fingolimod for multiple sclerosis: results of an open-label clinical trial

Potential CV effect

Drug class

Drug

Total population

Patients who underwent extended monitoring

P-value*

Bradycardia

Antihypertensive

Beta-blockers

6 (0.7)

0

NS

Anti-epilepsy, anti-migraine

Topiramate

8 (0.9)

2 (0.6)

0.03

Prolong QT interval

Anti-fatigue

Amantadine

18 (2.0)

1 (0.3)

NS

Modafinil

4 (0.4)

0

NS

4-Aminopiridine

5 (0.5)

2 (0.6)

0.01

Antidepressant

Tricyclicsa

10 (1.1)

0

NS

SSRIsb

58 (6.4)

1 (0.3)

NS

Escitalopram

26 (2.9)

1 (0.3)

NS

SNRIsc

35 (3.9)

2 (0.6)

NS

Duloxetine

21 (2.3)

2 (0.6)

NS

Trazodone

1 (0.1)

1 (0.3)

0.03

Bupropion

2 (0.2)

0

NS

Mirtazapine

3 (0.3)

0

NS

Anti-psychotics

7 (0.8)

0

NS

Muscle relaxants

Tizanidine

3 (0.3)

0

NS

Antimuscarinic drugs

Tolterodine

2 (0.2)

0

NS

Solifenacin

5 (0.5)

0

NS

Antibiotics

Macrolides

1 (0.1)

0

NS

Otherd

Benzodiazepines

39 (4.3)

2 (0.6)

NS

ACE-inhibitors

14 (1.5)

1 (0.3)

NS

Gabapentin

24 (2.6)

2 (0.6)

NS

Levotiroxine

40 (4.4)

2 (0.6)

NS

Tamsulosin

12 (1.3)

1 (0.3)

NS

Baclofen

39 (4.3)

1 (0.3)

NS

  1. ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme, CV: cardiovascular, NS: not significant, SNRI: serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
  2. *P-value was calculated using the Fisher’s exact test.
  3. aClomipramine and amitryptiline.
  4. bCitalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline.
  5. cDuloxetine and venlafaxine.
  6. dIncludes all drugs taken by those who required prolonged monitoring excluded NSAIDs and acetaminophen.