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Table 5 Factors associated with QOL: significant covariates of QOL domains in ANCOVA*

From: Relationship of depression, disability, and family caregiver attitudes to the quality of life of Kuwaiti persons with multiple sclerosis: a controlled study

Significant factors or covariates

QOL domains significantly impacted by covariates

F

P level

Depression: total BDI scores

Psychological health

13.4

0.0001

 

Physical health

6.3

0.01

 

Independence

10.0

0.002

 

Social relations

4.7

0.03

 

Spiritual

19.2

0.001

Disability score: EDSS

Physical health

10.3

0.002

 

Social relations

4.4

0.04

 

Environment

4.1

0.05

Age of patient

Independence

3.9

0.05

 

Social relations

5.2

0.02

Diagnosis effect

Social relations

4.2

0.04

 

Spiritual

4.1

0.05

 

General facet health & QOL

7.6

0.007

  1. * Note: After controlling for these covariates, the large differences in QOL domain scores between the RRMS and PMS earlier highlighted (Table 4), was significant only for the general facet on health & QOL (P < 0.005).