Table 1 Clinical characteristics and cardiac function ultrasonographic variables.
From: Plasma brain natriuretic peptide as a surrogate marker for cardioembolic stroke
Variable | Non-Cardioembolic Stroke (n = 69) | Cardioembolic Stroke (n = 62) |
|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 69.9 ± 9.9 | 69.8 ± 10.4 |
Sex, F/M | 19/50 | 24/38 |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 177 ± 11 | 182 ± 14 |
Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 23.6 ± 2.5 | 24.1 ± 3.4 |
Blood Urea Nitrogen, mg/dl | 15.2 ± 5.6 | 13.7 ± 4.3 |
Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.10 ± 0.27 | 1.06 ± 0.37 |
Hypertension, yes/no (%) | 46/23 (66.7%) | 41/21 (66.1%) |
Dislipidemia, yes/no (%) | 15/54 (21.7%) | 16/46 (25.8%) |
Diabetes Mellitus, yes/no (%) | 17/52 (24.6%) | 18/44 (29.0%) |
Smoking, yes/no (%) | 42/27 (60.9%) | 34/28 (54.8%) |
Atrial fibrillation (including permanent and paroxysmal Af), yes/no (%) | 2/67 (2.9%) | 49/13 (79.0%)** |
Mitral stenosis, yes/no (%) | 0/69 (0%) | 3/59 (4.8%) |
Mitral regurgitation, yes/no (%) | 20/49 (29.0%) | 34/28 (54.8%)* |
Heart Failure, yes/no (%) | 5/64 (7.2%) | 9/53 (14.5%) |
Old Myocardial Infarction, yes/no (%) | 3/66 (4.3%) | 8/54 (12.9%) |
Cardiomyopathy, yes/no (%) | 4/65 (5.8%) | 4/58 (6.5%) |
Chronic Renal Failure, yes/no (%) | 7/62 (10.1%) | 5/57 (8.1%) |
Plasma BNP (pg/ml) | 49.6 ± 43.3 | 106.6 ± 31.5** |
Duration after ischemic onset to BNP measurement (hours) | 9.2 ± 4.2 | 9.6 ± 3.8 |
NIH Stroke Scale score at admission: median (25%–75%) | 11 (9–14) | 12 (9–18) |
Beta-blocker, yes/no (%) | 12/57 (17.4%) | 13/49 (21.0%) |
Angiotensin receptor blocker, yes/no (%) | 36/33 (52.2%) | 25/37 (40.3%) |
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, yes/no (%) | 7/62 (10.1%) | 9/53 (14.5%) |
E/A | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.6** |
LA diameter (mm) | 33.9 ± 5.4 | 41.6 ± 6.8** |
LV end-diastolic diameter (mm) | 47.9 ± 2.2 | 47.8 ± 2.2 |
LV end-systolic diameter (mm) | 28.9 ± 2.3 | 29.1 ± 2.3 |
Interventricular septum thickness (mm) | 12.2 ± 2.8 | 12.7 ± 2.8 |
LV posterior wall thickness (mm) | 12.3 ± 2.4 | 12.8 ± 2.5 |
LV ejection fraction (%) | 62.1 ± 10.0 | 60.8 ± 13.3 |
LAA flow (cm/s) | 76.6 ± 14.1 | 35.0 ± 22.0** |