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Table 3 Risk factor profile and non-adjusted Odds Ratios for stroke and/or transient ischemic attack.

From: The burden of stroke and transient ischemic attack in Pakistan: a community-based prevalence study

 

No CVD

Stroke/TIA

Non-adjusted odds ratio

P-value

 

n (%)a

n (%)a

OR (95% CI)

 

Age, years (SD)

48.3 (12.7)

50.0 (12.8)

1.01 (0.99-1.03)

0.192

Female gender

190 (44.6)

79 (66.4)

2.45 (1.60-3.75)

< 0.001

Family history of CAD or Stroke

86 (20.2)

37 (31.1)

1.78 (1.13-2.81)

0.013

Past Myocardial Infarction

24 (5.6)

11 (11.8)

2.23 (1.12-4.47)

0.023

Systolic BP, mmHg (SD)

128.6 (21.0)

134.9 (27.3)

1.06 (1.02-1.11)b

0.008

Diastolic BP, mmHg (SD)

81.8 (12.1)

84.2 (14.2)

1.08 (0.997-1.167)b

0.061

Hypertension c

203 (47.7)

76 (63.9)

1.94 (1.28 - 2.95)

0.002

Random Blood Glucose, mg/dL (SD)

141.6 (69.6)

164.1 (86.9)

1.02 (1.005-1.030)2

0.004

Elevated RBS d

74 (17.4)

36 (30.3)

2.06 (1.30-3.28)

0.002

Smoking

123 (28.9)

25 (21.0)

0.66 (0.40-1.07)

0.090

Pan, Gutka or Supari Use e

78 (18.3)

30 (25.2)

1.50 (0.93-2.43)

0.096

Weight, kg (SD)

67.7 (17.3)

69.0 (19.2)

1.00 (0.99-1.02)

0.468

Body mass index, kg/m 2 (SD)

26.6 (8.0)

27.5 (6.1)

1.01 (0.99-1.04)

0.269

Obesity f

229 (53.8)

81 (68.1)

1.83 (1.19-2.82)

0.006

Waist Circumference, cm (SD)

93.2 (13.6)

94.7 (16.0)

1.01 (0.99-1.02)

0.301

Waist-Hip Ratio (SD)

0.94 (0.09)

0.93 (0.08)

0.46 (0.05-4.72)

0.516

Elevated WHR g

375 (88.0)

109 (91.6)

1.48 (0.73-3.02)

0.278

Menopause h

98 (57.7)

47 (62.7)

1.23 (0.71-2.15)

0.462

  1. Note: WHR - Waist-hip Ratio, BMI - Body mass index, RBS - Random Blood Sugar, CAD - Coronary Artery Disease, BP - Blood Pressure, SD - Standard Deviation, TIA - Transient Ischemic Attack, CI - Confidence Interval.
  2. aGiven as n(%) except where stated specifically.
  3. bCalculated for each 5 unit increase.
  4. cDefined as systolic BP greater than or equal to 140 mmHg or diastolic BP greater than or equal to 90 mmHg on two readings at least 10 minutes apart and/or self-reported history of persistent hypertension.
  5. dRaised Random Blood Sugar level greater than or equal to 180 mg/dL on one reading.
  6. ePan, gutka and supari are locally available forms of chewable tobacco.
  7. fDefined as body mass index more than or equal to 25 kg/m2.
  8. gDefined as waist-hip ratio greater than 0.88 in males and 0.81 in females.
  9. hMenopause was considered in the female subset of our sample only.
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