Table 1 Previously reported cases with the feature of CJD and HE in need of differential diagnosis
Year/author | Final diagnosis | Clinical findings | Corticosteroid response | EEG finding | Brain image | CJD work-up | Hashimoto encephalopathy work-up | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | CSF study | Biopsy/gene | Lab | US/SCAN/FANA |
2004/Cho et al.[14]. | CJD | 66/F | − | Bilateral frontal SWC (0.5-2 Hz) | MRI (DWI): HSI at cortex, caudate nucleus, putamen | 14-3-3: + |  | TG-AB: WNL | US: Chronic thyroiditis |
Dementia, parkinsonism, visual symptom, ataxia, myoclonus, akinetic mutism | SPECT/PET: Rt. Hemisphere: ↓ | TPO-AB: ↑ | FNA: PMN, lymphocyte | ||||||
2003/Cossu et al.[2]. | CJD | 61/F | − | Periodic triphasic wave | MRI: normal | 14-3-3: + | Biopsy: typical CJD pattern, PRNP + codon 210, 129 | TG-AB: ↑ |  |
Visual symptom, ataxia, myoclonus, mental change | TPO-AB: ↑ | ||||||||
TSH : ↑ | |||||||||
T3, T4 : WNL | |||||||||
2012/Kondziella et al. [10]. | CJD | 67/F | - | Â | Â | Â | Â | Anti-thyroid antibody (+) | Â |
HE | 63/F | + | |||||||
Dementia, ataxia, myoclonus | |||||||||
2008/Cerqueira et al.[8]. | HE | 68/F | + | Occasional sharp waves (2-3 Hz) | MRI (T2WI): HSI at corona radiata, centrum semiovale | Â | Â | T3, T4: WNL | Â |
|  |  | Cognitive decline, insomnia, poor appetite, visual hallucination, tremor, gait disturbance, decreased mentality, myoclonus | TSH: ↑ | ||||||
TPO-AB: ↑ | |||||||||
TG-AB: WNL | |||||||||
2002/Doherty et al.[9]. | HE | 57/F | + | Bihemispheric slowing, triphasic wave | MRI (T2WI): HIS at Lt. medial frontal region | 14-3-3: ↑ | Biopsy: spongiform change | TPO-AB: ↑ | US: hypoechoic area |
Generalized seizure, hallucination | |||||||||
2004/Vander et al.[13]. | HE | 58/M | + | Slow background, generalized delta activity | MRI: normal | 14-3-3: + |  | TSH: ↑ |  |
Confusion, myoclonus, bilateral hyperreflexia, babinski (+) generalized seizure | TG-AB: ↑ | ||||||||
TPO-AB: ↑ | |||||||||
2011/Santoro et al.[12]. | HE | 66/M | + | Slow theta and delta waves | MRI (DWI, T2WI): HSI at left white matter and bilateral cortical region | 14-3-3: - |  | TG-AB: ↑ |  |
Confusion, GTC, fluctuating alertness, myoclonic jerks | |||||||||
2004/Sakuria et al.[11]. | HE | 79/F | + | Diffuse slowing, periodic synchronous discharge | MRI (T2WI): HSI at periventricular and basal ganglia lesion | 14-3-3: + |  | TG-AB: ↑ |  |
|  | TPO-AB: ↑ | ||||||||
Dementia, gait, inactivity, myoclonus | TSH-receptor AB: ↑ | ||||||||
TPO-AB: ↑ | |||||||||
TSH-receptor AB: ↑ | |||||||||