Table 1 Patient characteristics
| Â | Overall cohort (N = 12026) | Derivation cohort (N = 7215) | Validation cohort (N = 4811) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age, y, median (IQR) | 67 (57–75) | 67 (57–75) | 67 (57–75) | 0.35 |
Gender (male), n (%) | 7411 (61.6) | 4461 (61.8) | 2950 (61.3) | 0.58 |
Stroke risk factors, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hypertension | 7703 (64.1) | 4602 (63.8) | 3101 (64.5) | 0.46 |
Diabetes mellitus | 2615 (21.7) | 1580 (21.9) | 1035 (21.9) | 0.62 |
Dyslipidemia | 1349 (11.2) | 797 (11.0) | 552 (11.5) | 0.47 |
Atrial fibrillation | 870 (7.2) | 543 (7.5) | 327 (6.8) | 0.13 |
Coronary artery disease | 1714 (14.3) | 1063 (14.7) | 651 (13.5) | 0.07 |
History of stroke/TIA | 4113 (33.6) | 2403 (33.3) | 1635 (34.0) | 0.44 |
Current Smoking | 4750 (39.5) | 2846 (39.4) | 1904 (39.6) | 0.89 |
Excess alcohol consumption | 1844 (15.3) | 1124 (15.6) | 720 (15.0) | 0.37 |
Pre-existing comorbidities, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Congestive heart failure | 239 (2.0) | 151 (2.1) | 88 (1.8) | 0.32 |
Valvular heart disease | 284 (2.4) | 171 (2.4) | 113 (2.3) | 0.95 |
COPD | 138 (1.1) | 80 (1.1) | 58 (1.2) | 0.66 |
Hepatic cirrhosis | 42 (0.4) | 24 (0.3) | 18 (0.4) | 0.76 |
Peptic ulcer or previous GIB | 411 (3.4) | 235 (3.3) | 178 (3.7) | 0.24 |
Alzheimer’s disease/Dementia | 166 (1.4) | 95 (1.3) | 71 (1.5) | 0.47 |
Cancer | 222 (1.8) | 140 (1.9) | 82 (1.7) | 0.36 |
Pre-stroke dependence (mRS ≥ 3), n (%) | 1140 (9.5) | 684 (9.5) | 456 (9.5) | 0.99 |
Pre-admission antithrombotic therapy, n (%) | 2246 (18.7) | 1345 (18.6) | 901 (18.7) | 0.91 |
Warfarin (for atrial fibrillation) | 272 (2.3) | 170 (2.4) | 102 (2.1) | Â |
Antiplatelet using | 2208 (16.7) | 1201 (16.6) | 807 (16.8) | Â |
Pre-admission statins using, n (%) | 5175 (43.0) | 3066 (42.5) | 2109 (43.8) | 0.15 |
Transport to hospital by EMS, n (%) | 1826 (15.2) | 1075 (14.9) | 751 (15.6) | 0.29 |
Time from onset to arrival (hours), median (IQR) | 24 (7–64) | 24 (7–64) | 24 (7–65) | 0.83 |
Admission SBP (mm Hg), median (IQR) | 150 (136–164) | 150 (135–163) | 150 (136–164) | 0.76 |
Admission DBP (mm Hg), median (IQR) | 89 (80–96) | 89 (80–96) | 89 (80–96) | 0.67 |
Admission NIHSS score, median (IQR) | 5 (2–9) | 5 (2–10) | 5 (2–9) | 0.33 |
NIHSS = 0-4 | 6152 (51.2) | 3686 (51.1) | 2466 (51.3) | 0.31 |
NIHSS = 5-9 | 3159 (26.3) | 1873 (26.0) | 1286 (26.7) | Â |
NIHSS = 10-14 | 1312 (10.9) | 783 (10.9) | 529 (11.0) | Â |
NIHSS ≥ 15 | 1403 (11.7) | 873 (12.1) | 530 (11.0) |  |
OCSP subtypes, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.69 |
Partial anterior circulation infarct (PACI) | 6698 (55.7) | 4025 (55.8) | 2673 (55.6) | Â |
Total anterior circulation infarct (TACI) | 1035 (8.6) | 623 (8.6) | 412 (8.6) | Â |
Lacunar infarction (LACI) | 2252 (18.7) | 1365 (18.9) | 887 (18.4) | Â |
Posterior circulation infarct (POCI) | 2009 (17.1) | 1180 (16.8) | 829 (17.6) | Â |
Admission blood glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 6.2 (5.5-7.0) | 6.2 (5.5-7.0) | 6.2 (5.5-7.1) | 0.30 |
Length of hospital stay, median (IQR) | 14 (10–20) | 14 (10–20) | 14 (11–20) | 0.55 |
mRS ≤ 2 within 1 year after onset, n (%) |  |  |  |  |
At discharge | 8160 (67.9) | 4885 (67.7) | 3275 (68.1) | 0.68 |
At 3-month | 7994 (66.5) | 4771 (66.1) | 3223 (67.0) | 0.33 |
At 6-month | 8050 (66.9) | 4806 (66.6) | 3244 (67.4) | 0.35 |
At 12-mont | 8047 (66.9) | 4817 (66.8) | 3230 (67.1) | 0.68 |
Mortality within 1 year after onset, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
At discharge | 468 (3.9) | 276 (3.8) | 192 (4.0) | 0.67 |
At 3-month | 990 (8.2) | 606 (8.4) | 384 (8.0) | 0.44 |
At 6-month | 1270 (10.6) | 774 (10.7) | 496 (10.3) | 0.49 |
At 12-mont | 1602 (13.2) | 995 (13.8) | 607 (12.6) | 0.07 |