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Table 3 Comparison of neuropsychological assessment

From: Validation of NINDS-CSN neuropsychological battery for vascular cognitive impairment in Chinese stroke patients

Cognitive tests

Controls

Stroke patients

P value b

Cohen’s d

Executive/Activation

    

ANT

17.2 ± 4.0

11.9 ± 4.1

<0.001

1.31

WAIS-III Digit symbol-coding

22.4 ± 7.9

3.4 ± 6.6

<0.001

1.24

TMT A time (sec)

45.7 ± 15.5

90.7 ± 59.1

0.001

1.04

TMT B time (sec)

108.2 ± 42.3

176.4 ± 97.4

0.009

0.92

Domain z score

 

−1.01

  

Language

    

Modified BNT

11.4 ± 2.2

8.8 ± 2.7

0.003

1.03

Domain z score

 

−0.92

  

Visuospatial

    

RCFT copy

34.6 ± 1.8

30.2 ± 6.9

0.002

0.88

Domain z score

 

−0.80

  

Memory

    

HVLT-R delayed recall

7.6 ± 2.6

4.5 ± 2.7

<0.001

1.16

RCFT delayed recall

18.6 ± 6.3

11.9 ± 8.8

<0.001

0.89

Domain z score

 

−0.93

  

Neuropsychiatric/depressive symptoms

    

NPI-Qa

2 (0–11)

4 (0–29.5)

0.008

0.41

GDSa

2 (1–3)

3 (1–7.25)

0.024

0.63

Supplemental tests

    

MMSE

28.6 ± 1.1

26.3 ± 3.2

<0.001

0.94

MoCA-BJ

23.8 ± 2.9

17.9 ± 4.4

<0.001

1.59

Protocol summary scores

    

60-min

0.46 ± 0.45

−0.49 ± 0.72

<0.001

1.57

30-min

0.53 ± 0.67

−0.53 ± 0.65

<0.001

1.60

5-min

0.41 ± 0.47

−0.42 ± 0.71

<0.001

1.38

  1. aData shown in median (Interquartile range); bModel controlled for years of education.
  2. Abbreviations: ANT Animal naming test, TMT Trail making test, BNT Boston naming test, RCFT Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, HVLT-R Revised Hopkins verbal learning test, NPI-Q Neuropsychiatric Inventory questionnaire, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA-BJ Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Beijing version.