Medication | Ever exposed | Pacemaker inserted while exposed N (%) | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incident and prevalent users | Incident users only | |||||||
HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |||
Had a code for dementia | 607,540 | 10,489 (1.7) | 0.74 | (0.72, 0.75) | 0.83 | (0.81, 0.85) | 0.84 | (0.82, 0.85) |
Cholinesterase inhibitor | 197,021 | 1530 (0.8) | 0.58 | (0.55, 0.61) | 0.76 | (0.72, 0.80) | 0.75 | (0.71, 0.79) |
Ace-inhibitor/Angiotensin receptor blocker | 1,239,438 | 19533 (1.6) | 1.25 | (1.23, 1.27) | 1.22 | (1.20, 1.24) | 1.24 | (1.22, 1.26) |
Insulin/oral hypoglycemic agent | 420,699 | 6415 (1.5) | 1.04 | (1.01, 1.07) | 0.93 | (0.91, 0.96) | 0.93 | (0.91, 0.95) |
Proton pump inhibitors/H2-receptor blocker | 1,313,173 | 8051 (0.6) | 1.02 | (1.00, 1.04) | 1.12 | (1.09, 1.14) | 1.15 | (1.12, 1.17) |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | 522,474 | 2591 (0.5) | 0.71 | (0.68, 0.74) | 0.82 | (0.79, 0.85) | 0.82 | (0.79, 0.86) |
Statin | 904,123 | 12745 (1.4) | 1.22 | (1.20, 1.25) | 1.18 | (1.16, 1.20) | 1.20 | (1.18, 1.23) |
Thiazide diuretic | 697,510 | 4138 (0.6) | 0.79 | (0.77, 0.81) | 0.94 | (0.91, 0.96) | 0.95 | (0.93, 0.98) |
Thyroxine | 338,998 | 4351 (1.3) | 0.92 | (0.90, 0.95) | 0.91 | (0.88, 0.94) | 0.92 | (0.89, 0.95) |
Vaughan-Williams drug class | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Ia | 12,494 | 272 (2.2) | 2.89 | (2.58, 3.25) | 2.25 | (2.03, 2.48) | 2.29 | (2.07, 2.54) |
Ib | 2,046 | 41 (2.0) | 2.71 | (1.99, 3.68) | 1.70 | (1.30, 2.23) | 1.74 | (1.32, 2.30) |
Ic | 23,917 | 907 (3.8) | 4.85 | (4.56, 5.17) | 4.11 | (3.89, 4.35) | 4.17 | (3.93, 4.41) |
II (beta-blockers) | 834,007 | 15765 (1.9) | 1.87 | (1.84, 1.90) | 2.13 | (2.09, 2.16) | 2.14 | (2.11, 2.18) |
III | 87,435 | 3614 (4.1) | 7.19 | (6.96, 7.42) | 8.32 | (8.10, 8.54) | 8.33 | (8.11, 8.55) |
IV (calcium channel blockers) | 387,964 | 6291 (1.6) | 1.46 | (1.42, 1.50) | 1.53 | (1.50, 1.57) | 1.53 | (1.49, 1.57) |
V (digoxin) | 332,370 | 7962 (2.4) | 2.50 | (2.45, 2.56) | 2.45 | (2.39, 2.50) | 2.44 | (2.39, 2.50) |
Other Factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age | - | - | 1.00 | (1.00, 1.01) | 1.01 | (1.01, 1.01) | 1.00 | (1.00, 1.01) |
Male | - | - | 2.03 | (2.00, 2.05) | 1.96 | (1.93, 1.98) | 1.96 | (1.94, 1.99) |