Table 3 Prognostic factors at diagnosis associated with EDSS score 4 (n = 407)

Age at MS onset (ref age < 20)

20–28

1.25

0.60; 2.57

0.3

29–38

1.51

0.74; 3.06

0.08

39–49

1.43

0.68; 2.98

0.1

≥50

2.48

1.11; 5.55

0.01

Sex (ref men)

Women

1.42

0.99; 2.05

0.1

Initial course of MS (ref primary progressive)

Remitting-relapsing

0.20

0.13; 0.31

0.0001

Incomplete recovery from the first relapse (ref yes)

No

1.10

0.69; 1.75

0.9

CSF total protein level (ref ≥ 500)

≤500 mg/L

0.73

0.49; 1.08

0.4

CSF IgG-index (ref ≥ 0.6)

<0.6

1.36

0.92; 2.02

0.2

CSF oligoclonal bands (ref yes)

No

0.76

0.45; 1.30

0.6

Leukocyte count (ref normal)

≥5 mm³

1.08

0.74; 1.56

0.9

MRI Barkhof’s criteria (ref positive)

Negative

1.11

0.25; 4.91

0.9

Treatment (ref no)

Yes

0.29

0.20; 0.42

<.0001