Table 2 Instruments for predisposing factors assessment

Socio-demographic

Age

Gender

Education

Medical condition

Medication

Anticholinergic Risk Scale [25]

Pre-stroke functional status

Modified Ranking Scale [47], Instrumental Activities of Daily Living [48]

Health history

Cumulative Illness Rating Scale [49]

Loss of visual acuity, hearing impairment

Medical history, presence of glasses, hearing devices

Infections (pneumonia, urinary tract infection)

Diagnosis based on criteria from U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [50]

Biochemical disturbances

sodium <136 or >145 mmol/L, potassium <3.5 or >5.1 mmol/L, glucose <3.3 or >5.6 mmol/L, urea nitrogen >8,07 mmol/L, creatynine >106 mmol/L

Pre-stroke dementia

Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly [23]

Pre-stroke behavioral and emotional disturbances

Neuropsychiatric Inventory [37]

Stroke characteristic

Stoke severity

National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [51]

Subtypes of ischemic stroke

The Oxford Community Stroke Project classification [52]

Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification [53]

Stroke symptoms (aphasia, neglect, hemianopia)

Clinical examination