Table 6 Clinical trials of prophylaxis pharmacotherapy in chronic migraine

Anticonvulsants:

Valproate [25, 36]

Small, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in chronic migraine

N = 70; 12 weeks (Yurekli et al. 2008)

N = 49; 12 weeks (Bartolini et al. 2005)

Topiramate [27, 28, 37]

Double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in chronic migraine

N = 28; 9 weeks (Silvestrini et al. 2003)

N = 59; 16 weeks (Diener et al. 2007)

N = 306; 16 weeks (Silberstein et al. 2007)

Gabapentin [26]

One double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in chronic daily headache

N = 133; 9 weeks (Spira et al. 2003)

Antidepressants:

Amitriptyline [38]

Small, open-label trial in transformed migraine

N = 27; 9 weeks (Krymchantowski et al. 2002)

Fluoxetine [24]

Small, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in chronic daily headache

N = 64; 12 weeks (Saper et al. 1994)

Tizanidine [23]

Small, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in chronic daily headache

N = 134; 12 weeks (Saper et al. 2002)

Botulinum Toxin:

OnabotulinumtoxinA [29, 30]

Large, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in CM

N = 679; 56 weeks (Aurora et al. 2010)

N = 705; 56 weeks (Diener et al. 2010)

Comparison of 2 Therapies:

OnabotulinumtoxinA vs Topiramate [39, 40]

Small, double-blind, pilot trials in CM

N = 60; 12 weeks (Mathew et al. 2009)

N = 59; 26 weeks (Cady et al. 2011)