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Table 4 Amount and Quality of use of grasp and hold wrist scores, tasks younger age group

From: Effects of botulinum toxin A and/or bimanual task-oriented therapy on upper extremity activities in unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a clinical trial

 

Follow-up weeks

BITT

 

BoNT-A

 

BoNT-A additional effect

 

Yes (BoNT-A + BITT and BITT-only)

No (BoNT-A-only and control)

p-value

Yes (BoNT-A + BITT and BoNT-A-only)

No (BITT-only and control)

p-value

BoNT-A + BITT

BITT-only

p-value

n = 8

n = 6

n = 6

n = 8

n = 4

n = 4

OSAS percentage of use both hands

0

80.6 (4.6)

72.4 (5.4)

 

69.7 (5.4)

83.2 (4.6)

 

76.7 (4.7)

84.5 (4.7)

 

6

78.6 (3.9)

68.3 (4.7)

0.662

66.7 (4.6)

80.1 (4.0)

0.980

73.1 (4.2)

84.1 (4.2)

0.580

12

76.6 (6.7)

59.5 (7.9)

0.213

62.5 (7.9)

73.6 (6.7)

0.724

73.8 (5.8)

79.4 (5.8)

0.758

Treading beads p -value

18

81.7 (4.2)

72.9 (5.0)

0.922

75.5 (4.9)

79.1 (4.3)

0.049

81.8 (5.1)

81.5 (5.1)

0.216

24

80.3 (3.5)

69.1 (4.3)

0.546

73.1 (4.1)

76.4 (3.6)

0.041

80.9 (2.8)

79.7 (2.8)

0.123

overall

  

0.716

  

0.072

  

0.156

OSAS Quality grasp wrist

0

2.32 (0.26)

2.01 (0.31)

 

2.12 (0.31)

2.21 (0.260

 

2.16 (0.35)

2.49 (0.35)

 

6

2.43 (0.26)

2.51 (0.31)

0.219

2.94 (0.31)

2.00 (0.27)

0.003

2.60 (0.35)

2.26 (0.35)

0.114

Treading beads (1–5) SDD 0.65p -value

12

2.55 (0.26)

2.59 (0.31)

0.397

3.05 (0.31)

2.10 (0.26)

0.020

2.81 (0.35)

2.29 (0.35)

0.149

18

2.36 (0.26)

2.32 (0.31)

0.437

2.56 (0.31)

2.12 (0.27)

0.128

2.48 (0.35)

2.25 (0.35)

0.280

24

2.48 (0.26)

2.40 (0.32)

0.500

2.66 (0.31)

2.21 (0.27)

0.127

2.54 (0.35)

2.42 (0.35)

0.387

overall

  

0.542

  

0.028

  

0.464

OSAS Quality grasp wrist

0

2.26 (0.27)

2.16 (0.32)

 

2.29 (0.32)

2.13 (0.27)

 

2.10 (0.38)

2.41 (0.38)

 

6

2.49 (0.27)

2.27 (0.32)

0.665

2.98 (0.32)

1.79 (0.27)

0.001

2.75 (0.38)

2.23 (0.38)

0.059

Pop-Onz (1–5) SDD 0.55 p -value

12

2.50 (0.27)

2.49 (0.32)

0.802

3.10 (0.32)

1.89 (0.27)

0.000

3.01 (0.38)

2.00 (0.38)

0.028

18

2.33 (0.27)

2.69 (0.32)

0.164

2.94 (0.32)

2.08 (0.27)

0.032

2.51 (0.38)

2.16 (0.38)

0.175

24

2.32 (0.27)

2.37 (0.32)

0.385

2.61 (0.32)

2.08 (0.27)

0.043

2.28 (0.38)

2.36 (0.38)

0.315

overall

  

0.553

  

0.011

  

0.189

OSAS Quality hold wrist

0

2.44 (0.26)

2.23 ((0.31)

 

2.19 (0.31)

2.48 (0.26)

 

2.23 (0.34)

2.65 (0.34)

 

Treading beads (1–5) SDD 0.71 p -value

6

2.44 (0.26)

2.62 (0.32)

0.218

3.00 (0.31)

2.06 (0.27)

0.000

2.71 (0.34)

2.17 (0.34)

0.020

12

2.58 (0.26)

2.60 (0.31)

0.445

2.86 (0.31)

2.31 (0.26)

0.006

2.76 (0.34)

2.40 (0.34)

0.055

18

2.53 (0.26)

2.39 (0.32)

0.822

2.68 (0.31)

2.23 (0.27)

0.017

2.72 (0.34)

2.34 (0.34)

0.050

24

2.47 (0.26)

2.34 (0.32)

0.815

2.50 (0.31)

2.31 (0.27)

0.117

2.37 (0.34)

2.58 (0.34)

0.573

overall

  

0.728

  

0.003

  

0.086

OSAS Quality hold wrist

0

2.35 (0.27)

2.11 (0.31)

 

2.16 (0.31)

2.30 (0.27)

 

2.07 (0.36)

2.63 (0.36)

 

6

2.68 (0.27)

2.37 (0.32)

0.829

3.12 (0.31)

1.93 (0.27)

0.000

2.99 (0.36)

2.36 (0.36)

0.007

Pop-Onz (1–5) SDD 0.87 p -value

12

2.62 (0.27)

2.45 (0.31)

0.781

2.94 (0.31)

2.13 (0.27)

0.001

2.87 (0.36)

2.37 (0.36)

0.010

18

2.33 (0.27)

2.65 (0.32)

0.051

2.77 (0.31)

2.21 (0.27)

0.014

2.33 (0.36)

2.34 (0.36)

0.198

24

2.34 (0.27)

2.24 (0.31)

0.605

2.37 (0.31)

2.20 (0.27)

0.271

2.13 (0.36)

2.55 (0.36)

0.735

overall

  

0.215

  

0.000

  

0.024

  1. Estimated means (standard error). Significant values are in italics and bold
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