Table 1 Socio-demographic, injury-related, clinical, and claim-related characteristics of the study population
From: Modeling community integration in workers with delayed recovery from mild traumatic brain injury
Category | Variables | n (%Na) | Mean (SD)/median (Q3-Q1) (continuous variables) | CIQ score mean (SD) (binary/categorical variables)b | Rho (continuous variables)b | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic | Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 58 (62) | NA | 13.96 (4.67) | NA | 0.086 | |
 Female | 36 (38) |  | 15.56 (6.01) |  |  | |
Age, years | 94 (100) | 45.2 (9.94) | NA | −0.092 | 0.377 | |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Married/common law | 69 (73) | NA | 13.81 (4.63) | NA | 0.018 | |
 Single/divorced/widowed | 25 (27) |  | 16.68 (6.18) |  |  | |
English first language | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Yes | 77 (82) | NA | 14.82 (4.85) | NA | 0.079 | |
 No | 17 (18) |  | 12.47 (6.66) |  |  | |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 ≤High school | 34 (36) | NA | 11.21 (3.28) | NA | 0.006 | |
 High school-college, prof. diploma | 32 (34) |  | 14.45 (5.78) |  |  | |
 University and higher | 24 (27) |  | 17.20 (4.89) |  |  | |
Weekly income, $CAD | 94 (100) | 1056 (510) | NA | 0.189 | 0.074 | |
Injury-related | Time since injury, days | 94 (100) | 197 (416-139) | NA | −0.166 | 0.110 |
Mechanism of injury | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Struck by inanimate object |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 18 (19) | NA | 12.67 (4.33) | NA | 0.084 | |
  No | 76 (81) |  | 15.03 (5.32) |  |  | |
 Struck by another person |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 10 (11) |  | 17.10 (4.89) |  | 0.105 | |
  No | 84 (89) |  | 14.27 (5.19) |  |  | |
 Struck against object/structure |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 16 (17) |  | 16.62 (4.81) |  | 0.247 | |
  No | 78 (83) |  | 14.38 (5.23) |  |  | |
 Fall |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 18 (19) |  | 13.61 (5.09) |  | 0.386 | |
  No | 76 (81) |  | 14.80 (5.25) |  |  | |
Loss of consciousness | 86 (100)a | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Yes | 29 (31) | NA | 14.17 (6.14) | NA | 0.572 | |
 No | 56 (69) |  | 14.86 (4.78) |  |  | |
Post-traumatic amnesia | 86 (100)a | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Yes | 21 (25) | NA | 13.62 (6.00) | NA | 0.235 | |
 No | 65 (75) |  | 15.15 (4.81) |  |  | |
Previous head trauma | 90 (100)a | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Yes | 23 (25) | NA | 15.70 (5.12) | NA | 0.299 | |
 No | 67 (75) |  | 14.39 (5.21) |  |  | |
Trauma-related head MRI findings | 84 (100)a | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Yes | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
 No | 84 (100) |  |  |  |  | |
Clinical | Comorbid conditions by self-report | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Arthritis | 93 (100)a |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 34 (37) | NA | 15.05 (5.24) | NA | 0.868 | |
  No | 59 (63) |  | 13.59 (5.09) |  |  | |
 Diabetes mellitus |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 5 (5) |  | 10.40 (3.78) |  | 0.065 | |
  No | 89 (95) |  | 14.81 (5.20) |  |  | |
 Heart disease |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 6 (6) |  | 13.17 (8.13) |  | 0.057 | |
  No | 88 (94) |  | 14.67 (5.01) |  |  | |
Number of comorbid conditions | 94 (100) | 2.22 (1.04) | NA | −0.216 | 0.037 | |
DSM-IV-TR disorders | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Adjustment disorder | 88 (100)a |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 45 (51) | NA | 13.80 (5.62) | NA | 0.265 | |
  No | 43 (49) |  | 15.05 (4.75) |  |  | |
 Anxiety disorder |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 40 (45) |  | 13.08 (5.49) |  | 0.028 | |
  No | 48 (55) |  | 15.52 (4.76) |  |  | |
 Mood disorder |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 37 (42) |  | 13.92 (6.14) |  | 0.456 | |
  No | 51 (58) |  | 14.75 (4.57) |  |  | |
 Personality traits | 92 (100)a |  |  |  |  | |
 Cluster B |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 15 (17) |  | 9.87 (3.16) |  | <0.0001 | |
  No | 77 (83) |  | 15.50 (5.11) |  |  | |
 Cluster C |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 42 (47) |  | 13.50 (5.66) |  | 0.034 | |
  No | 50 (53) |  | 15.88 (4.47) |  |  | |
 Sleep disorder |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 9 (10) |  | 17.71 (4.27) |  | 0.977 | |
  No | 79 (90) |  | 17.79 (6.23) |  |  | |
 Substance-related disorder |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 13 (15) |  | 12.69 (5.07) |  | 0.200 | |
  No | 75 (85) |  | 14.71 (5.22) |  |  | |
Comorbid conditions, by scales | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Anxiety (HADS-A) | NA | 10.71 (4.74) | NA | −0.317 | 0.002 | |
 Depression (PHQ-9) |  | 16.77 (6.67) |  | −0.320 | 0.002 | |
 Insomnia (ISI) |  | 17.46 (6.07) |  | −0.370 | <0.001 | |
 Pain (VAS-P), current |  | 5.02 (2.40) |  | −0.344 | <0.001 | |
Symptom load | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Balance issues |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 44 (47) | NA | 14.82 (4.91) | NA | 0.673 | |
  No | 50 (53) |  | 14.36 (5.51) |  |  | |
 Bodily pain |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 32 (34) |  | 13.53 (5.59) |  | 0.164 | |
  No | 62 (66) |  | 15.11 (4.97) |  |  | |
 Mood disturbance |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 62 (66) |  | 14.19 (4.86) |  | 0.327 | |
  No | 32 (34) |  | 15.31 (5.84) |  |  | |
 Head and/or neck pain |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 87 (93) |  | 14.22 (5.19) |  | 0.019 | |
  No | 7 (7) |  | 19.00 (3.83) |  |  | |
 Photo-/phonophobia |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 14 (15) |  | 15.07 (6.63) |  | 0.701 | |
  No | 80 (85) |  | 14.49 (4.97) |  |  | |
Claim- related |  Current working status | 94 (100)a |  |  |  |  |
  Working full-/part time | 40 (43) | NA | 17.78 (6.00) | NA | 0.607 | |
  On disability/laid off | 54 (57) |  | 16.45 (7.33) |  |  | |
 Previous WSIB claims | 88 (100)a |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 8 (9) |  | 16.12 (5.59) |  | 0.332 | |
  No | 80 (91) |  | 14.24 (5.19) |  |  | |
 Probable/possible malingering, by DSM-IV-TR |  |  |  |  |  | |
  Yes | 14 (16) |  | 10.93 (4.68) |  | 0.006 | |
  No | 74 (84) |  | 15.07 (5.08) |  |  |