Fig. 1

Immunofluorescence findings and magnetic resonance imaging in our case of GAD antibody-associated limbic encephalitis. a-c Micrographs showing immunofluorescence using the patient’s serum diluted 1:100 (a/c) or CSF diluted 1:1 (b) on primate cerebellum (a/b) or pancreas (c) (bar = 100 μm). Note the typical fluorescence pattern for GAD antibodies with prominent fluorescence in the granule cell layer and a subset of islet cells and less prominent signal in Purkinje cells. d T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates a slight signal hyperintensity of the right amygdala/anterior hippocampus compatible with the diagnosis of limbic encephalitis