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Table 1 Hemodynamic data and blood gas analysis

From: A randomized trial of the effects of the noble gases helium and argon on neuroprotection in a rodent cardiac arrest model

 

Helium/oxygen

Argon/oxygen

Air/oxygen

Kruskall - Wallis

Non-ischemic sham

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)a [mmHg]

Baseline (Before)

100 [86–114]

99 [90–108]

100 [82–118]

p = 1.00

90 [79–92]

5 min

125 [115–137]

121 [109–138]

123 [109–129]

 

88 [78–102]

15 min

76 [62–94]

79 [77–92]

85 [69–100]

 

98 [87–105]

30 min

85 [65–98]

73 [68–86]

85 [66–93]

 

NA

60 min

95 [82–97]

85 [67–101]

99 [83–111]

 

NA

Friedman-Test p

<0.001 a

<0.001 a

0.004 a

 

0.964

Linear regression with clustered robust SE p = 0.621

(Coef. helium: −1.93 CI −11.49 to 7.63; Coef. argon: −4.71 CI −14.70 to 5.28)

Time effect: fractional polynomial regression p < 0.001

Heart ratea [1 min−1]

Baseline (Before)

300 [268–345]

340 [298–383]

360 [325–395]

p = 0.10

300 [285–380]

5 min

300 [288–325]

290 [270–330]

320 [265–355]

 

320 [320–380]

15 min

300 [285–325]

310 [290–340]

290 [280–340]

 

360 [340–380]

30 min

360 [320–400]

320 [308–410]

395 [345–420]

 

NA

60 min

340 [300–400]

340 [323–435]

420 [375–450]

 

NA

Friedman-Test p

0.058

0.005 a

<0.001 a

 

0.369

Linear regression with clustered robust SE p = 0.056

(Coef. helium: −30.3 CI −56.0 to −4.7; Coef. argon: −17.3 CI −50.1 to 15.5)

Time effect: fractional polynomial regression p < 0.001

Glucosea [mmol/l]

Baseline (Before)

10.5 [8.9–11.6]

9.9 [8.8–10.9]

10.4 [8.4–11.1]

p = 0.87

9.8 [8.7–11.2]

5 min

13.7 [13.4–14.5]

13.3 [11.1–16.0]

13.5 [13.1–15.6]

 

8.2 [7.5–10.2]

15 min

12.5 [11.5–13.5]

13.5 [11.2–14.3]

13.7 [10.6–14.8]

 

9.0 [7.0–10.6]

60 min

5.7 [4.3–6.6]

5.8 [5.1–6.4]

5.7 [5.3–6.1]

 

NA

Friedman-Test p

<0.001 a

<0.001 a

<0.001 a

 

0.12

Linear regression with clustered robust SE p = 1.000

(Coef. helium: 0.06 CI −1.55 to 1.67; Coef. argon: 0.04 CI −1.63 to 1.70)

Time effect: fractional polynomial regression p < 0.001

Lactatea [mmol/l]

Baseline (Before)

1.2 [0.9–1.3]

1.2 [1.0–1.7]

1.1 [1.0–1.5]

p = 0.72

1.0 [0.9–1.4]

5 min

7.0 [6.4–7.5]

7.2 [6.1–8.2]

6.8 [6.3–8.0]

 

1.0 [0.6–1.2]

15 min

3.5 [3.2–3.8]

3.2 [3.0–3.9]

3.6 [3.0–4.4]

 

0.9 [0.6–1.8]

60 min

0.8 [0.6–1.2]

0.7 [0.6–0.8]

0.7 [0.6–0.8]

 

NA

Friedman-Test p

<0.001 a

<0.001 a

<0.001 a

 

0.531

Linear regression with clustered robust SE p = 0.771

(Coef. helium: 0.38 CI −0.81 to 1.57; Coef. argon: −0.04 CI −0.56 to 0.48)

Time effect: fractional polynomial regression p < 0.001

pHa

Baseline (Before)

7.50 [7.45–7.53]

7.50 [7.45–7.54]

7.42 [7.40–7.49]

p = 0.17

7.41 [7.37–7.51]

5 min

7.09 [7.01–7.15]

7.02 [6.96–7.10]

7.09 [6.98–7.16]

 

7.44 [7.36–7.47]

15 min

7.24 [7.16–7.28]

7.16 [7.08–7.26]

7.30 [7.10–7.31]

 

7.45 [7.347–7.49]

60 min

7.38 [7.32–7.44]

7.35 [7.30–7.39]

7.39 [7.33–7.41]

 

NA

Friedman-Test p

<0.001 a

<0.001 a

<0.001 a

 

0.967

Linear regression with clustered robust SE p = 0.631

(Coef. helium: 0.11 CI −0.37 to 0.15; Coef. argon: −0.02 CI −0.08 to 0.05)

Time effect: fractional polynomial regression p = 0.037

pO2 [mmHg]

Baseline (Before)

114 [106–124]

114 [101–132]

106 [83–139]

p = 0.83

83 [74–97]

5 min

203 [146–246]

155 [127–250]

195 [265–355]

 

332 [270–342]

15 min

125 [101–159]

109 [105–143]

129 [118–165]

 

240 [90–324]

60 min

159 [136–185]

140 [128–181]

195 [182–212]

 

NA

Friedman-Test p

0.007 a

<0.001 a

<0.001 a

 

0.236

Linear regression with clustered robust SE p = 0.373

(Coef. helium: −45.5 CI −114.2 to 23.2; Coef. argon: −48.8 CI −118.9 to 21.3)

Time effect: fractional polynomial regression p = 0.670

pCO2 a [mmHg]

Baseline (Before)

32 [29–37]

31 [27–35]

37 [27–39]

p = 0.69

34 [32–42]

5 min

46 [38–66]

53 [40–66]

46 [37–52]

 

35 [32–43]

15 min

39 [36–53]

44 [35–62]

36 [32–46]

 

36 [30–43]

60 min

39 [34–47]

41 [35–49]

35 [31–39]

 

NA

Friedman-Test p

0.002 a

0.003 a

0.013 a

 

0.335

Linear regression with clustered robust SE p = 0.741

(Coef. helium: 2.07 CI −6.03 to 10.17; Coef. argon: 3.40 CI −5.80 to 12.59)

Time effect: fractional polynomial regression p < 0.001

Temp. [°C]

Baseline (Before)

36.0 [35.7–36.2]

36.4 [36.1–36.5]

36.0 [35.8–36.2]

p = 0.07

36.0 [35.8–37.1]

5 min

35.3 [35.0–35.4]

35.0 [34.8–35.6]

35.3 [34.7–35.6]

 

36.5 [36.0–36.9]

15 min

36.2 [36.0–36.3]

36.2 [35.8–36.2]

36.2 [36.0–36.6]

 

36.4 [36.1–36.6]

60 min

36.8 [36.3–37.4]

36.6 [36.4–37.2]

37.0 [36.7–37.3]

 

NA

Friedman-Test p

<0.001 a

<0.001 a

0.002 a

 

0.967

Linear regression with clustered robust SE p = 0.378

(Coef. helium: 0.42 CI −0.54 to 1.37; Coef. argon: −0.84 CI −2.46 to 0.77)

Time effect: fractional polynomial regression p = 0.487

  1. Comparisons of baseline parameters were calculated with the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA on Ranks. Differences between the groups were computed with a linear regression with clustered robust SE, time effect with fractional polynomial regression. The animals in the non-ischemic sham group were not randomized, and thus indicated in italic style. These animals are not included in the main statistical analysis. The post-hoc Kruskall Wallis and Friedman tests were performed to compare groups at baseline and the time effect within the groups, but should be interpreted with caution (see text). Data are given as median and [interquartile ranges]
  2. a denotes significant time effects