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Table 1 Univariate Analysis comparing patients with favorable (mRS 0–2 or unchanged) and unfavorable outcome. Displayed as median with interquartile range in parentheses or percentage

From: Time-dependent parameter of perfusion imaging as independent predictor of clinical outcome in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis

 

Favorable outcome (n = 23)

Unfavorable outcome (n = 9)

p-value

Age

70 (63;74)

79 (74;84)

0.001

Men

74 %

89 %

0.357

Degree of Stenosis in %

80 (70;90)

80 (70;90)

0.536

Risk Factors

   

 -atrial fibrillation

4 %

22 %

0.119

 -peripheral artery disease

17 %

11 %

0.660

 -coronary heart disease

22 %

22 %

0.976

 -smoking

39 %

11 %

0.124

 -hypercholesterolemia

48 %

67 %

0.337

 -hypertension

83 %

67 %

0.370

 -diabetes

17 %

67 %

0.007

Treatment with Alteplase

9 %

11 %

0.833

Treatment with TEA or CAS

96 %

67 %

0.026

Time from symptom onset to MRI

  

0.884

 -<24 h

57 %

78 %

 

 -24–48 h

13 %

11 %

 

 -48–72 h

4 %

0 %

 

 ->72 h

26 %

11 %

 

Time to intervention (days)

4.0 (1.5;7.0)

1.5 (0.0;3.8)

0.085

Length of stay in hospital

7 (7;9)

6 (4;11)

0.711

NIHSS score

   

 -on admission

3 (1;5)

8 (5;13)

0.002

 -at discharge

1 (0;2)

13 (5;14)

≤0.001

Premorbid mRS Score

2 (0;2)

1 (1;2)

0.965

TCD

   

 -SF (kHz)

2.15 (1.65;2.40)

1.70 (1.30;2.10)

0.148

 -DF (kHz)

0.75 (0.60;1.05)

0.55 (0.43;0.83)

0.122

 -Mean (kHz)

1.13 (1.00;1.53)

0.93 (0.72;1.25)

0.148

 -contralateral SF (kHz)

1.95 (1.70;2.78)

1.6 (1.6; 1.6)

0.634

 -contralateral DF (kHz)

0.80 (0.60;0.90)

0.6 (0.3;0.6)

0.559

 -mean contralateral (kHz)

1.17 (0.95;1.53)

0.93 (0.73;0.93)

0.559

 -reduced acceleration at MCA

26 %

22 %

0.531

 -RI

0.59 (0.56;0.67)

0.65 (0.58;0.71)

0.249

 -Contralateral RI

0.66 (0.57;0.71)

0.66 (0.63;0.66)

0.712

TTP volume (ml)

   

 -TTP visual

78.50 (0.00;189.50)

111.40 (0.00; 232..40)

0.112

 -TTP ≥2 s

18.50 (0.00;41.19)

29.77 (5.18;132.89)

0.003

 -TTP ≥4 s

0.87 (0.00;4.05)

9.12 (2.19;66.86)

0.043

 -TTP ≥6 s

0.20 (0.00;0.89)

6.70 (1.07;37.48)

0.017

Tmax volume (ml)

   

 -Tmax ≥4 s

0.00 (0.00;13.52)

25.27 (1.17;110.40)

0.043

 -Tmax ≥6 s

0.00 (0.00;1.10)

9.21 (0.72;44.94)

0.017

 -Tmax ≥8 s

0.00 (0.00;0.66)

6.86 (0.56;23.47)

0.011

 -Tmax ≥10s

0.00 (0.00;0.54)

5.94 (0.56; 23.47)

0.019

DWI lesion volume (ml)

2.45 (0.14;9.73)

18.04 (8.80; 24.41)

0.001

  1. TEA thromboendarterectomy, CAS carotid artery stenting, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, NIHSS National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, mRS modified Rankin scale, TCD transcranial dopplersonography, MCA middle cerebral artery, RI resistance index, TTP time-to-peak, T max time to maximum of residual curve