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Fig. 4 | BMC Neurology

Fig. 4

From: Feasibility and usefulness of ultrasonography in idiopathic intracranial hypertension or secondary intracranial hypertension

Fig. 4

Internal jugular vein valve insufficiency (IJVVI) and a normal jugular flow waveform. a1-a2 IJV flow through the IJV leaflets at the base of the neck during Valsalva maneuver. b1-b2 IJV flow through the IJV leaflets at the base of the neck during normal breathing cycles. a1 and b1 show the Colour-mode appearance of the IJV flow in a longitudinal scanning plane starting from the jugular valve (*), respectively during Valsalva maneuver and normal breathing. The sample volume (#) is placed just after the jugular valve and the corresponding flow waveform is a2 and b2, respectively during Valsalva maneuver and during normal breathing. In a2 a retrograde flow lasting about 2 s (starting with > and ending with <) is shown. In b2 a normal jugular flow waveform is imaged with heart and breath modulation

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