From: Applied multimodal diagnostics in a case of presenile dementia
Population | CSF biomarker/Ligand | Major findings | |
---|---|---|---|
CSF | |||
Clark et al.(15] | 60 AD, 10 FTD, 3 DLB | total Tau, Aβ42 | higher total tau in AD compared to FTD and DLB |
Aβ42 reduced in AD compared to FTD but not compared to DLB | |||
Slaets et al. [16] | 30 AD, 13 DLB with SP, 5 DLB without SP 30 AD, 9 DLB with NFT, 9 DLB without NFT | P-Tau, total Tau, Aβ42 | Aβ42 reduced in AD and DLB with SP compared to DLB without SP no difference in Aβ42 levels of AD and DLB with SP patients |
P-Tau, total Tau, Aβ42 | P-Tau higher in AD compared to DLB with and without NFT no difference in P-Tau levels of DLB with and without NFT no difference of total Tau between the DLB subgroups and AD | ||
Koopmann et al. [17] | 95 AD, 18 DLB, 10 FTD | P-Tau, total Tau, Aβ42 | P-Tau cut-off for differentiating AD from FTD 35.3 pg/ml, from DLB 52.8 pg/ml total Tau level: AD > DLB > FTD Aβ42 level: AD < DLB = FTD |
Bian et al. [18] | AD 19, FTD 30 | total Tau, Aβ42 | total Tau and tau/Aβ42 ratio lower in FTD than in AD |
Toledo et al. [19] | 71 AD, 29 FTD | P-Tau, total Tau, Aβ42 | high sensitivity and specificity of combined CSF biomarkers in classifying AD against FTD P-Tau and total Tau higher in AD compared to FTD Aβ42 lower in AD compared to FTD |
MRI | |||
Vemuri et al. [20] | 48 AD, 47 FTD, 20 DLB | atrophy pattern in AD: temporoparietal association cortices and medial temporal lobe FTD: frontal and temporal lobes DLB: bilateral amygdalae, dorsal midbrain, inferior temporal lobe | |
Rabinovici et al. [21] | 11 AD, 18 FTD | atrophy in AD: posterior temporoparietal and occipital atrophy atrophy in FTD: medial prefrontal and medial temporal cortex, insula, hippocampus, amygdala | |
Burton et al. [22] | 11 AD, 23 DLB | pronounced medial temporal lobe atrophy in AD compared to DLB patients | |
Kantarci et al. [23] | 2 AD, 3DLB | more pronounced hippocampal atrophy in AD compared to DLB | |
McKee et al. [24] | 1 CTE | generalized cortical atrophy, enlargement of ventricles, cavum septum pellucidum | |
FDG-PET | |||
Minoshima et al. [25] | 10 AD, 4 DLB | AD and DLB: hypometabolism in posterior cingulate, parietotemporal and frontal association cortices additional occipital hypometabolism in DLB | |
Albin et al. [26] | 3 AD-DLB, 3 DLB | compared to AD additional hypometabolism in occipital association and primary visual cortex | |
Kantarci et al. [23] | 2 AD, 3 DLB | low occipital FDG-uptake in 1 AD patient and all DLB patients | |
Foster et al. [27] | 31 AD, 14 FTD | AD: temporoparietal and posterior cingulate hypometablism FTD: frontal, anterior cingulate and anterior temporal hypometabolism | |
Amyloid-PET | |||
Kantarci et al. [23] | 2 AD, 3 DLB | PiB | high global cortical PiB retention in one AD patient, low global cortical PiB in the other |
2 DLB patients with borderline PiB retention, 1 DLB patient with high PiB retention | |||
Bacskai et al. [28] | 1 DLB | PiB | tracer uptake in posterior cingulate, precuneus, posterior parietal, middle and inferior temporal, insular, lateral and orbital frontal cortices |
Rabinovici et al. [29] | 3 AD, 7 FTD | PiB | higher PiB retention in AD compared to FTD better classification accuracy of PiB-PET compared to FDG-PET |
Tau-PET | |||
Ghetti et al. [30] | 1 FTD | T807 | elevated tracer uptake in anterior, temporal and parietal cortex as well as basal ganglia |