Table 1 Parameters of the Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) assessment

TS temperature rated with NRS 60 (°C)

total

47.5 ± 1.1

(45…49)

47.5 ± 1.0

(46…49)

0.999

0.881 (p < 0.001)^**

Pain rating of TS_initial

total

64.6 ± 6.8

(55…80)

64.6 ± 8.4

(45…80)

0.974

0.679 (p < 0.001)^**

Mean of three pain rating of TS_before

total

60.5 ± 7.9

(50…82)

58.4 ± 5.8

(50…70)

0.376

0.411 (p < 0.05)

Pain rating of CS_30s

total

57.7 ± 17.9

(20…90)

56.7 ± 19.3

(20…88)

0.698

0.765 (p < 0.001)^**

Mean of three pain rating of TS_during

total

43.7 ± 10.0

(26…62)

38.9 ± 14.3

(10…65)

0.018

0.702 (p < 0.001)^**

Pain rating of CS_60s

total

66.3 ± 20.1

(30…90)

67.5 ± 21.7

(30…95)

0.515

0.906 (p < 0.001)^**

Mean of three pain rating of TS_after

total

58.8 ± 11.7

(40…82)

50.8 ± 11.7

(23…70)

0.003*

0.480 (p < 0.01)

Pain rating of CS_{30s after}

total

57.9 ± 18.5

(15…85)

55.6 ± 19.3

(20…95)

0.282

0.843 (p < 0.001)^**

Pain rating of CS_{60s after}

total

70.8 ± 19.2

(18…90)

69.5 ± 20.3

(20…95)

0.355

0.946 (p < 0.001)^**

Early CPM effect

total

16.7 ± 11.7

(−5…44)

19.5 ± 11.9

(−3…52)

0.187

0.618 (p < 0.001)^**

Late CPM effect

total

1.7 ± 9.2

(−25…18)

7.6 ± 11.5

(−5…37)

0.035

0.178 (p = 0.192)