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Table 3 Hypothetical sample size calculations for crossover and parallel designs in terms of successful treatment

From: Short-term test-retest-reliability of conditioned pain modulation using the cold-heat-pain method in healthy subjects and its correlation to parameters of standardized quantitative sensory testing

Patients return to normal CPM effect (rate of treatment success)

Early CPM effect

Late CPM effect

Crossover

Parallel

Crossover

Parallel

100 %

6

18

45

176

75 %

10

34

122

484

50 %

18

68

272

542

25 %

84

330

1084

4332

  1. CPM Conditioned Pain Modulation. Calculations are based on the question how many subjects are needed to treat to elevate “non responders” to “normal responders” in case of 25/ 50/ 75/ 100 % treatment success. All values are given as the number of subjects for each group