Table 2 Basic data and change of serum myokines after exercise testing in reference and SCI (pre-training) groups

Age (year)

44.7 ± 6.4

39.9 ± 7.1

0.093

Height (cm)

171.8 ± 4.6

169.7 ± 5.7

0.298

Weight (kg)

71.9 ± 9.9

72.0 ± 11.5

0.786,

BMI (kg/m²)

24.3 ± 2.4

25.0 ± 3.7

0.693

myostatin (ng/ml)

6.1 ± 1.6

6.1 ± 1.8

0.980

IGF-1 (ng/ml)

223.4 ± 62.2

216.4 ± 49.5

0.805

follistatin (ng/ml)

1284.4 ± 809.0

1100.9 ± 354.7

0.587

Δmyostatin (ng/ml)

0.4 ± 1.6

0.3 ± 1.1

0.348

ΔIGF-1 (ng/ml)

40.6 ± 43.0^a

2.1 ± 48.3

0.030

Δfollistatin (ng/ml)

59.4 ± 349.7

55.5 ± 498.4

0.657

HR (beat/min)

138.8 ± 13.8

117.4 ± 23.8

0.031

\( \overset{.}{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2 \) (ml/min)

1454.5 ± 263.9

877.5 ± 426.2

0.012

\( \overset{.}{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2 \) (ml/min/kg)

20.5 ± 4.0

12.3 ± 5.5

0.026

\( {\overset{.}{\mathrm{V}}}_{\mathrm{E}} \) (ml/min)

63912.5 ± 15181.1

32845.5 ± 15628.5

0.032

Work load (watt)

38.0 ± 31.0

80.0 ± 19.0

0.009