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Table 1 HiBalance program design differences between the efficacy and effectiveness-implementation stages

From: Evaluation and implementation of highly challenging balance training in clinical practice for people with Parkinson’s disease: protocol for the HiBalance effectiveness-implementation trial

Program feature

HiBalance-RCT (Efficacy phase)

HiBalance-clinical setting (Effectiveness/Implementation phase)

Inclusion criteria

Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

Hoehn & Yahr score of 2 or 3

Hoehn & Yahr score of 2 or 3

Able to walk independently indoors without an aid

Able to walk independently indoors without an aid

Mini-Mental State examination score > 24 points

Cognitively capable of following instructions in a group setting

Age ≥60 years

All Ages

Core components

Individually adapted, highly challenging and progressive balance training in 3 blocks with progressively integrated dual-task training

Individually adapted, highly challenging and progressive balance training in 3 blocks with progressively integrated dual-task training

Dose

30 h of group training

(3 x 1 h sessions/week x 10 weeks)

20 h of group training (2 x 1 h sessions/week x 10 weeks) 10 h home exercise program (1 h/week x 10 weeks)

Providers

Physical therapist PhD students (site responsible) and clinicians

Physical therapist clinicians

Sites

2 sites, one university hospital

4–6 clinical sites/primary care clinics

Outcome evaluation

Performance-based

Balance performance

Mini-BESTest score

Mini-BESTest score

Modified figure of eight test

Physical activity level

Steps per day measured by accelerometer

Steps per day measured by accelerometer

Self-reported

Fear of falling/balance confidence

Falls Efficacy Scale-International

(FES-I)

(A measure of concerns about falling)

Activities-specific balance confidence scale (ABC scale)

(A measure of balance confidence)

Activities of daily living

Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)- ADL component

 

Self-rated health

Walking

Evaluation method

SF-36/PDQ-39

PDQ-39

Randomized controlled trial

EQ-5D-3 L

Walking impact scale (Walk 12G)

Non-randomized controlled design