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Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis

From: The effectiveness of creatine treatment for Parkinson’s disease: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Author

Year

Method

Country

Participants

Intervention(s)

Outcomes

Control

Placebo

NINDS [22]

2006

RCT

USA

67

67

Creatine 10 g/d and Minocycline 200 mg/d

Total UPDRS scores;

UPDRS I/II/III

Bender [21]

2006

RCT

Germany

40

20

Creatine 4 g/d

Total UPDRS scores;

UPDRS I/II/III

NINDS [20]

2008

RCT

USA

64

63

Creatine 10 g/d

Total UPDRS scores;

Kieburtz [19]

2015

RCT

Canada

USA

477

478

Creatine 10 g/d

Total UPDRS scores;

UPDRS I/II/III

Schwab & England Scale

Li [18]

2015

RCT

China

38

37

Creatine 10 g/d and Coenzyme Q10 300 mg/d

UPDRS III

Schwab & England Scale

  1. RCT Randomized controlled trial, UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale