The effectiveness of creatine treatment for Parkinson’s disease: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 3 Efficacy results

Outcome	Studies	Participants	Heterogeneity	WMD (95% CI]
Total UPDRS score	4	1276	Chi² = 5.70, df = 3 (P = 0.13); I² = 47%	−0.39 [−2.63, 1.85]
UPDRS Mental score	2	194	Chi² = 2.08, df = 1 (P = 0.15); I² = 52%	−0.79 [−1.40, −0.18]
UPDRS ADL score	3	1149	Chi² = 3.16, df = 2 (P = 0.21); I² = 37%	0.39 [−0.38, 1.17]
UPDRS Motor score	4	1224	Chi² = 4.52, df = 3 (P = 0.21); I² = 34%	−0.14 [−1.47, 1.19]
Schwab & England Scale score	2	1089	Chi² = 0.13, df = 1 (P = 0.71); I² = 0%	2.52 [0.48, 4.56]

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