Table 2 Severity of cognitive and sleep symptoms over past week, by group
From: Prevalence of and risk factors for severe cognitive and sleep symptoms in ME/CFS and MS
Symptom over past week | Severity | ME/CFS n/total = 237 (%) | MS n/total = 47 (%) | Healthy control n/total = 111 (%) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poor sleep quality/duration | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Absent | 26 (10.9) | 14 (29.8) | 70 (63.1) | Â | |
Mild | 31 (13.1) | 15 (31.9) | 26 (23.4) | Â | |
Moderate | 81 (34.2) | 10 (21.3) | 13 (11.7) | Â | |
Severe | 99 (41.8) | 8 (17.0) | 2 (1.8) | Â | |
Unrefreshing sleep | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Absent | 11 (4.6) | 10 (21.3) | 64 (57.7) | Â | |
Mild | 22 (9.3) | 12 (25.5) | 34 (30.6) | Â | |
Moderate | 73 (30.8) | 12 (25.5) | 11 (9.9) | Â | |
Severe | 131 (55.3) | 13 (27.7) | 2 (1.8) | Â | |
Difficulty retaining information | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Absent | 21 (8.9) | 16 (34.0) | 93 (83.8) | Â | |
Mild | 70 (29.5) | 17 (36.2) | 18 (16.2) | Â | |
Moderate | 83 (35.0) | 11 (23.4) | 0 | Â | |
Severe | 63 (26.6) | 3 (6.4) | 0 | Â | |
Difficulty understanding/thinking clearly | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Absent | 27 (11.4) | 23 (48.9) | 97 (87.4) | Â | |
Mild | 77 (32.5) | 12 (25.5) | 14 (12.6) | Â | |
Moderate | 76 (32.1) | 9 (19.1) | 0 | Â | |
Severe | 57 (24.1) | 3 (6.4) | 0 | Â | |
Slow thinking | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Absent | 34 (14.3) | 19 (40.4) | 97 (87.4) | Â | |
Mild | 77 (32.5) | 14 (29.8) | 14 (12.6) | Â | |
Moderate | 80 (33.8) | 11 (23.4) | 0 | Â | |
Severe | 46 (19.4) | 3 (6.4) | 0 | Â | |
Disorientation | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Absent | 107 (45.1) | 31 (66.0) | 107 (96.4) | Â | |
Mild | 51 (21.5) | 9 (19.1) | 3 (2.7) | Â | |
Moderate | 48 (20.3) | 6 (12.8) | 1 (0.9) | Â | |
Severe | 31 (13.1) | 1 (2.1) | 0 | Â | |
Trouble concentrating | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Absent | 6 (2.5) | 12 (25.5) | 84 (75.7) | Â | |
Mild | 54 (22.8) | 15 (31.9) | 23 (20.7) | Â | |
Moderate | 102 (43.0) | 18 (38.3) | 3 (2.7) | Â | |
Severe | 75 (31.6) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (0.9) | Â | |
Short term memory problems | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Absent | 22 (9.3) | 13 (27.7) | 90 (81.1) | Â | |
Mild | 65 (27.4) | 17 (36.2) | 19 (17.1) | Â | |
Moderate | 91 (38.4) | 15 (31.9) | 2 (1.8) | Â | |
Severe | 59 (24.9) | 2 (4.3) | 0 | Â | |
Brain fog/confusion | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Absent | 38 (16.0) | 21 (44.7) | 99 (89.2) | Â | |
Mild | 62 (26.2) | 9 (19.1) | 11 (9.9) | Â | |
Moderate | 77 (32.5) | 15 (31.9) | 1 (0.9) | Â | |
Severe | 60 (25.3) | 2 (4.3) | 0 | Â |