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Table 4 Unadjusted comparisons of change in secondary outcome measures in each group at each time point

From: Effect of exercising at minimum recommendations of the multiple sclerosis exercise guideline combined with structured education or attention control education – secondary results of the step it up randomised controlled trial

 

Mean change Baseline to Post Intervention

(95% CI)

p-value

Mean change Baseline to three month follow up

(95% CI)

p-value

Mean change baseline to six month follow up

(95% CI)

p-value

Variables

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Modified Fatigue Impact Scale

−4.99

(−9.78, −0.21)

p = 0.04

−7.68

(−12.13, −3.23)

p = 0.01

−8.09

(−13.97, −2.20)

p < 0.01

−7.41

(−12.77, −2.04)

p < 0.01

−5.22

(−10.99, 0.55)

p = 0.07

−10.35

(−16.43, −4.27)

p < 0.01

Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale29 - physical

−2.06

(−6.36, 2.23)

p = 0.33

−0.13

(−5.63, 5.37)

p = 0.96

−4.45

(−8.68, −0.22)

p = 0.04

−1.42

(−7.69, 4.84)

p = 0.64

−4.12

(−8.25, 0.01)

p = 0.05

−3.61

(−9.83, 2.62)

p = 0.24

Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale29 psychological

−7.54

(−13.28, −1.81)

p = 0.01

−4.22

(−11.19, 2.76)

p = 0.22

−8.37

(−15.85, −0.89)

p = 0.03

−2.02

(−8.11, 4.07)

p = 0.50

−4.94

(−12.84, 2.98)

p = 0.21

−7.60

(−13.71, −1.49)

p = 0.02

Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Anxiety

−1.60

(−2.50, 0.30)

p = 0.12

−0.35

(−1.61, 0.90)

p = 0.57

−1.76

(−3.20, −0.31)

p = 0.02

−0.51

(−1.94, 0.92)

p = 0.47

−1.99

(−3.28, −0.71)

p < 0.01

−1.26

(−2.67, 0.15)

p = 0.08

Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Depression

−0.76

(−1.54, 0.33)

p = 0.20

−0.61

(−1.54, 0.33)

p = 0.19

−1.51

(−2.89, −0.13)

p = 0.03

−1.02

(−2.50, 0.47)

p = 0.17

−1.02

(−2.05, 0.01)

p = 0.05

−0.37

(−1.35, 0.61)

p = 0.44

Symbol Digit Modality Test

1.65

(−1.68, 4.99)

p = 0.32

3.43

(−1.01, 7.87)

p = 0.12

5.04

(2.51, 7.57)

p < 0.01

0.24

(−3.71, 4.18)

p = 0.90

3.05

(0.81, 5.28)

p < 0.01

2.56

(0.07, 5.06)

p = 0.04

5xSit To Stand

−1.51

(−2.41, −0.60)

p < 0.01

−1.55

(−2.30, −0.79)

p < 0.01

−2.13

(−3.00, −1.26)

p < 0.01

−1.49

(−2.32, −0.65)

p < 0.01

−2.29

(−3.20, −1.39)

p < 0.01

−1.19

(−1.97, −0.40)

p < 0.01

Modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test

8.56

(−6.86, 23.98)

p = 0.26

10.54

(−6.29, 27.37)

p = 0.21

3.40

(−14.07, 20.87)

p = 0.69

−11.97

(−33.02, 9.08)

p = 0.25

2.87

(−7.18, 13.54)

p = 0.58

−11.54

(−27.67, 4.59)

p = 0.15

Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire – Health Index

9.85

(5.46, 14.23)

p < 0.01

12.92

(4.69, 20.89)

p < 0.01

10.87

(4.20, 17.53)

p < 0.01

12.35

(5.63, 19.07)

p < 0.01

10.65

(4.18, 17.12)

p < 0.01

11.67

(5.67, 17.67)

p < 0.01

Mean steps per day

118.67

(−1002.54,

1239.87)

p = 0.83

30.38

(−1116.58, 1177.34)

p = 0.96

−5.88

(−940.73, 928.97)

p = 0.99

96.85

(−621.18, 814.88)

p = 0.78

756.92

(−440.88, 1954.73)

p = 0.19

86.28

(−849.85, 1022.42)

p = 0.85

Mean Energy Expenditure per day

46.22

(−119.73, 212.17)

p = 0.56

−72.90

(−224.14, 78.33)

p = 0.33

−58.18

(−162.68, 46.33)

p = 0.25

−182.5

(−335.03, −29.97)

p = 0.02

6.61

(−140.78, 154.01)

p = 0.92

−66.76

(−212.64, 79.12)

p = 0.35

Exercise Benefits Questionnaire

2.64

(−0.53, 5.80)

p = 0.09

2.08

(−2.31, 6.48)

p = 0.34

2.18

(−2.41, 6.78)

p = 0.33

1.83

(−3.21, 6.87)

p = 0.46

3.38

(−0.59, 7.35)

p = 0.09

2.39

(−2.33, 7.12)

p = 0.31

Exercise Barriers Questionnaire

−1.51

(−2.86, −0.17)

p = 0.03

−1.09

(−2.41, 0.24)

p = 0.10

−1.27

(−3.35, 0.82)

p = 0.22

−1.51

(−3.40, 0.37)

p = 0.11

−1.57

(−3.22, 0.07)

p = 0.06

−2.11

(−4.24, 0.02)

p = 0.05

Multidimensional Outcomes Expectations for Exercise Scale total

1.17

(−0.87, 3.21)

p = 0.25

0.86

(−1.46, 3.19)

p = 0.45

1.84

(−0.24, 3.93)

p = 0.08

−0.21

(−2.87, 2.44)

p = 0.87

1.84

(−0.35, 4.04)

p = 0.10

−0.70

(−3.09, 1.68)

p = 0.55

Exercise Goal setting Questionnaire

7.30

(4.19, 10.4)

p < 0.01

5.96

(2.92, 9.01)

p < 0.01

5.44

(2.14, 8.74)

p < 0.01

6.38

(2.76, 10.0)

p < 0.01

4.88

(2.01, 7.76)

p < 0.01

5.51

(1.89, 9.13)

p < 0.01

Exercise Planning Questionnaire

5.88

(3.37. 8.39)

p < 0.01

3.76

(1.27, 6.25)

p < 0.01

6.42

(3.89, 8.96)

p < 0.01

4.68

(1.76, 7.61)

p < 0.01

4.86

(2.63, 7.09)

p < 0.01

4.20

(1.55, 6.86)

p < 0.01

Exercise Self-efficacy

−0.06

(−12.20, 12.07)

p = 0.99

0.52

(−11.75, 12.79)

p = 0.93

1.32

(−10.62, 13.26)

p = 0.82

−9.42

(−24.03, 5.19)

p = 0.19

4.24

(−7.78, 16.25)

p = 0.47

−5.62

(−15.65, 4.42)

p = 0.26

Social Provisions Scale total

1.66

(−1.13, 4.44)

p = 0.23

−0.20

(−2.65, 2.25)

p = 0.86

2.29

(−0.08, 4.65)

p = 0.06

−0.66

(−4.61, 3.29)

p = 0.73

3.13

(0.35, 5.90)

p = 0.03

0.77

(−2.18, 3.72)

p = 0.60

  1. Bold text indicates statistical significance p < 0.05