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Table 3 Clinical characteristics of the patients with high EPVS grades on T2-imaging

From: Prevalence of and risk factors for enlarged perivascular spaces in adult patients with moyamoya disease

 

High EPVS grade (4)

Low EPVS grade (0–3)

p value

n, hemisphere

53

47

 

Total number of EPVS, median (IQR)

52.0 (46.0-70.0)

25.0 (18.0-31.5)

<0.001

Age, median (IQR)

42.0 (32.0-51.5)

41.0 (31.0-50.0)

0.516

Sex, male/female

10/43

18/29

0.026

Hypertension, presence/absence

24/29

12/35

0.040

Diabetes mellitus, presence/absence

2/51

0/47

0.497

Hyperlipidemia, presence/absence

11/42

5/42

0.168

Disease subtype

Ischemic stroke: 29

Ischemic stroke: 23

 

Hemorrhagic stroke: 5

Hemorrhagic stroke: 7

0.677

Other: 19

Other: 17

 

MRA score, median (IQR)

5.0 (3.5-7.0)

3.0 (2.0-6.0)

0.021

Flow voids in the basal ganglia, median (IQR)

2.0 (1.5-3.5)

1.0 (0.0-2.0)

<0.001

Brain atrophy score, median (IQR)

4.0 (3.0-5.0)

2.0 (1.0-4.0)

0.004

Ivy sign, presence/absence

34/19

17/30

0.005

Stroke lesions (total), presence/absence

20/33

12/35

0.192

 Lacnar stroke, presence/absence

10/43

5/42

0.250

 Large ischemic stroke, presence/absence

8/45

5/42

0.508

 Hemorrhagic stroke, presence/absence

2/51

2/45

1.000

Microbleeds, presence/absence

9/43

6/40

0.558

White matter lesions, presence/absence

37/16

20/27

0.006

  1. EPVS enlarged perivascular spaces, SD standard deviation, MRA magnetic resonance angiography